Difference between revisions of "Coroncon"

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(For other '''''Loncons''''', see [[Loncon (Disambiguation)]].)
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''(For other Loncons, see [[Loncon (Disambiguation)]].)''
  
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'''Coroncon''', the 1953 [[Eastercon]], held May 23-24, 1953 (Whitsun weekend) at the Bonnington Hotel on Southhampton Row in [[London]]. There was no [[GoH]]. The [[committee]] was [[Fred Brown]] and others.
+
'''Coroncon''', more formally the '''London Science Fiction Convention 1953''', was the 1953 [[Eastercon]], held May 23–24, 1953 (Whitsun weekend), at the Bonnington Hotel on Southampton Row in [[London]]. There was no [[GoH]]. [[Fred Brown]] was the [[chairman]] and [[Dorothy Ratigan]] the secretary<ref>So described in ''[[Space Times]]'' #11 (May 1953).</ref>. Other committee members aren't named but were presumably London fans.
  
−
Arguably, this was the first modern [[British]] [[SF convention]], setting the standard for all that came afterwards.  As [[Rob Hansen]] notes, "among the new ideas to emerge there were [[name-badges]], [[James White]]'s [[zap-guns]] (a.k.a. water pistols), and [[room-parties]]." It was named "Coroncon" because 1953 was the year of Queen Elizabeth II's coronation.
+
Coroncon continued the evolution of UK conventions. Hotel venues had been used since 1951 but this was the first where a significant number of attendees stayed on site, and thus the first to see [[room parties]]; the first to at least essay a dual-track programme; and the first to use name [[badges]]. It was also scene to the ongoing schism between fans from London and those from the north, particularly [[Manchester]]. It was named 'Coroncon' because 1953 was the year of Queen Elizabeth II's coronation. [[Ken Bulmer]] had originally proposed the name 'Coronvention' and the convention was also variously referred to as 'Boncon' and 'Loncon '53'.  
  
−
* {{fanzineindex|name=''Consomme'', A Ken Slater report on the con|dir=Trip_and_Con_Reports}}
+
== Preparations ==
 +
 
 +
The convention won a contested [[bid]] at the [[London SF Con]] of 1952, easily defeating rivals [[Manchester]] and [[Bradford]]. A convention flyer of unknown date says that ''News Bulletins'' will be sent to members of the Society but as of 2024 no copies have been traced.
 +
 
 +
Membership fees were 2/6d for the 'convention society' plus 5/- per day. Teenagers and 'ladies' were half-price.
 +
 
 +
== Venue==
 +
 
 +
The main venue for the Saturday and Sunday was The Bonnington Hotel on Southampton Row in London. It remains in business as of 2024. ''Fantasy Times'' #179 said that, 'Unlike previous Conventions in London, most conventioneers stayed over at the Bonnington Hotel, and for the first time the whole atmosphere took on the semblance of an American Convention'.
 +
 
 +
As at [[Festivention]] and the [[London SF Con]], preliminary sessions were again held at the [[White Horse]] pub in Fetter Lane on the Friday and presumably Thursday as this would have been the night of the regular meeting. This had also been the venue for the 1948 [[Whitcon]].
 +
 
 +
== Attendees ==
 +
 
 +
There is seemingly no published membership list. ''[[Fantasy Times]]'' #179 (June 1953) said the convention, 'averaged 152 attendees both days'. The following are either mentioned in contemporary reports or appear in photos.
 +
 
 +
<div style="column-count:3;-moz-column-count:3;-webkit-column-count:3">
 +
# [[Frank Arnold]]
 +
# [[Dai Barker|Dave Barker]]<ref>The assumption is that this is the person referred to as 'Dai Barker' in the membership list of the [[British Teenage Fantasy and Science Fiction Society]]. Dai is sometimes used as a diminutive for David.</ref>
 +
# [[Eric Bentcliffe]]
 +
# [[Bryan Berry]]
 +
# [[Fred Brown]]
 +
# [[John Brunner]]
 +
# [[Daphne Buckmaster]]
 +
# [[Ron Buckmaster]]
 +
# [[Ken Bulmer]]
 +
# [[Brian Burgess]]
 +
# [[Bert Campbell]]
 +
# [[Peter Campbell]]
 +
# [[Ted Carnell]]
 +
# [[Vince Clarke]]
 +
# [[Dave Cohen]]
 +
# [[Jack J. Curle]]
 +
# [[Ron Deacon]]
 +
# [[Philip Duerr]]
 +
# [[Charles Duncombe]]
 +
# [[Frances Evans]]
 +
# [[R. A. Fairthorne]]
 +
# [[Les Flood]]
 +
# [[Jesse Floyd]]
 +
# [[Georges Gallet]]
 +
# [[Dave Gardner]]
 +
# [[Denis Gifford]]
 +
# [[Maurice Goldsmith]]
 +
# [[Harry Hanlon]]
 +
# [[Peter Hamilton]]
 +
# [[Paul Hammett]]
 +
# [[Bill Harding]]
 +
# [[Ernest Harmer]]
 +
# [[Chuck Harris]]
 +
# [[George Hay]]
 +
# [[Arthur F. Hillman]]
 +
# [[L. Ron Hubbard]]
 +
# [[Jimmy Ivins]]
 +
# [[Terry Jeeves]]
 +
# [[Kenneth Johnson]]
 +
# [[Eric Jones]]
 +
# [[Rita Krohne]]
 +
# [[Brian Lewis]]
 +
# [[Bea Mahaffey]]
 +
# [[Shirley Marriott]]
 +
# [[Frank Milnes]]
 +
# [[Jim Mooney (UK)]]
 +
# [[Alex Morrison]]
 +
# [[Bill Morse]]
 +
# [[D. Peter Ogden]]
 +
# [[Nic Oosterbaan]]
 +
# [[Mary Patchett]]
 +
# [[Peter Phillips]]
 +
# [[Ken Potter]]
 +
# [[Bill Price]]
 +
# [[Fred Price]]
 +
# [[Jim Ratigan]]
 +
# [[Dorothy Ratigan]]
 +
# [[Fred Robinson]]
 +
# [[John Roles]]
 +
# [[Sandy Sanderson]]
 +
# [[Ken Slater]]
 +
# [[Norman Shorrock]]
 +
# [[Mr Solibakke]]
 +
# [[Louise Solibakke]]
 +
# [[Pete Taylor]]
 +
# [[Mike Tealby]]
 +
# [[Bill Temple]]
 +
# [[Winnie Thorn]]
 +
# [[Jeanne Thorne]]
 +
# [[Tony Thorne]]
 +
# [[Ted Tubb]]
 +
# [[Brian Varley]]
 +
# [[Norman Wansborough]]
 +
# [[Norman Weedall]]
 +
# [[James White]]
 +
# [[Walt Willis]]
 +
# [[Madeleine Willis]]
 +
# [[Helen Winick]]
 +
# [[Dave Wood]]
 +
# [[Sam Youd]]
 +
</div>
 +
 
 +
''Fantasy Times'' #179 mentions 'a very fine spaceship play written by Canadian Bill Morse and Londoner [[Terry Wright]]'. However, Wright isn't mentioned in any of the Coroncon reporting and as of 2024 the name hasn't been located anywhere else. The programme book listed [[Matt Elder]] of [[Glasgow]] among 'a list of the fans who are active in Provincial Science Fiction Groups and other parts of the British Isles and whom, if all goes well, we hope to see at the Convention' but he is not mentioned in any reports so we don't know if he was in fact present.
 +
 
 +
An article in ''[[The Medway Journal]]'' #4 suggests further members of the [[Medway Science and Fantasy Club]] may have been present, aside from known attendees the Thornes, [[Winnie Thorn]], and [[Brian Lewis]]. However, it doesn't identify them.
 +
 
 +
== The convention ==
 +
 
 +
As with previous London conventions, fans gathered in the White Horse on Friday. [[Fred Robinson]] was surprised to find the place only 'comfortably half-full' at around 9pm. AS well as London fans, those present included the Bea Mahaffey, Rita Krohne, Jesse Floyd, Bill Harding, the Willises and James White.
 +
 
 +
On the Saturday various groups and publishers set up stalls in the main hall. The convention was due to start at 11am but didn't get going until 11:43 with news that the screening of ''Destination Moon'' had been cancelled and apology for the non-attendance of [[Peter Hamilton]] who was in the room to hear it. Walt Willis noted that this was the first convention have announcement of 'any unavoidable changes in items' listed in the programme<ref>''[[Hyphen]]'' #4 (October 1953).</ref>.
 +
 
 +
After lunch, [[Bill Temple]] led off the pro authors panel. Willis said that he 'doesn't like speaking (extraordinary in one who does it so well) and insists on being put on early, with the result that everything else is something of an anticlimax'<ref>Ibid.</ref>. He was followed by [[Ted Tubb]], [[John Brunner]], [[John Christopher]], [[Vince Clarke]] and [[Frank Arnold]]. [[Ted Carnell]] then sparked a discussion about John Christopher's 'SF Under a Cloud' essay<ref>''[[Authentic Science Fiction]]'' #32 (April 1953).</ref>, a Mickey Spillane story<ref>'The Veiled Woman'''[[Fantastic]]'' (November-December 1952).</ref> and the Liverpool ''[[Symposium on Sex and Sadism in Science Fiction]]'' before making the first public announcement of a travel fund that would become [[TAFF]].
 +
 
 +
The [[Junior Fanatics]] presented a radio play that was charitably described as under-rehearsed, followed by discussion about future venues for the convention for which see below, and the Walt Willis sketch 'Whiskers' broadcast over the PA system. The auction, seemingly something of a flop by comparison with previous years with many [[BRE]]s which even then were near unsellable while potentially valuable original art was disregarded<ref>''[[Space Diversions]]'' #7 (December 1953).</ref>.
 +
 
 +
The evening saw parties in the [[Liverpool Group]] suite, [[Bert Campbell]]'s room, and [[Rita Krohne]]'s room, albeit with interventions from the hotel's night porter.Some of the Liverpool and Manchester fans ended up on the roof.
 +
 
 +
The convention didn't really restart until 2pm on Sunday. The winners of the [[International Fantasy Award]] were announced, although the awards themselves hadn't been completed and the winners, both American, were absent anyway. 'And so the day dragged its weary way through desultorily presented items, for many of which the participants could not be found and the audience was exhorted to be patient and remain seated<ref>'Ibid.</ref>. An editors session was interrupted by the unannounced and unexpected appearance of [[L. Ron Hubbard]] and was followed by various comic skits.
 +
 
 +
The evening saw a further round of parties, including some off-site at Londoners' homes.
 +
 
 +
Monday was given over to farewells.
 +
 
 +
Overall assessments were mixed, with northern fans in particular generally unimpressed. Willis described it as 'British fandom's first gallant attempt at an American style convention' albeit suffering from a less that ideal hotel.
 +
 
 +
== Publications ==
 +
 
 +
As previously noted, the flyer implied the existence of 'News Bulletin's but as of 2024 none have been traced. A 20-page programme book was distributed. There was seemingly no post-convention souvenir nor any obvious plan for one.
 +
 
 +
== Future conventions ==
 +
 
 +
Coroncon had been selected over competing bids for Manchester and Bradford and took place against a background of tension between London and especially Manchester fandom. [[Dave Cohen]] spoke on the Saturday, criticising the London fans for not supporting [[Mancon]]. [[Fred Brown]] responded, claiming somewhat implausibly not to have known about Mancon, and [[Bert Campbell]] made things worse by saying that Northerners couldn't expect celebrities to come to their convention. [[Fred Robinson]] (from Cardiff) wrote later that perhaps the best model was a the annual 'big' convention in London focussed on the professional side of the community supplemented by a 'fancon' in Manchester or Liverpool for, by and about fandom.
 +
 
 +
Oddly, there seems to have been no formal decision at Coroncon about the venue for 1954. The convention [[one-shot]] does end with the words 'IT'S MANCON IN '54!' but convention reports don't mention any bidding session or give any suggestion of plans for the future. [[Vince Clarke]], writing in the ''[[Science Fantasy News]]'' convention supplement after Coroncon was selected at the 1952 convention, had said 'There was a general feeling that Manchester, who were second in the voting, should have some sort of official backing next year [i.e. 1954] in any case' and so maybe there was a sense that the convention would go to Manchester if they wanted it. The [[NSFC]]'s ''[[Space Times]]'' #11 (dated May 1953 but published after Coroncon) certainly assumed that the next convention would be the Supermancon. However, [[Walt Willis]], writing in ''[[Peri]]'' #3 (April 1954) quotes a letter from [[Fred Brown]] suggesting London fans were prepared to run the 1954 convention but 'if another town decides on a Convention site in Whitsun, 1954, we shall probably drop the idea of a Loncon'.
 +
 
 +
It's a little unclear, then, ''how'' it was decided, but the 1954 convention would be [[Supermancon]], the first post-War national convention held outside London.
 +
 
 +
* {{conpubs|series=Eastercon|con={{PAGENAME}}}}.
 +
* {{fanzineindex|name=''Consomme'', A Ken Slater report on the con|dir=Trip_and_Con_Reports}}.
 +
* [http://www.fiawol.org.uk/FanStuff/THEN%20Archive/1953Coroncon/Coron.htm Conroncon on THEN.]
 +
* [https://www.fanac.org/fanzines/Peri/Peri3.pdf Con reports] in ''[[Peri]]'' 3  (April 1954) by [[Terry Jeeves]] and others.
  
 
{{fancy2|text=
 
{{fancy2|text=
−
([[Bulmer]]) The [[London]] con of 1953, named after some mundane event or other that took place that year; christened thus ten seconds after the proposal for a con in 1953 had been mooted (at the '52 con, also in [[London]]). It was held at the Bonnington Hotel during the same weekend the Queen's Army Schoolmistresses Reunion [!!!] took place there. Site of the [[Roofcon]], and notorious for the quelling by unplayful porters of night party sessions.  
+
([[Ken Bulmer|Bulmer]]) The [[London]] con of 1953, named after some mundane event or other that took place that year; christened thus ten seconds after the proposal for a con in 1953 had been mooted (at the '52 con, also in [[London]])<ref>Not technically correct. According to Walt Willis, Ken Bulmer proposed 'Coronvention'.</ref>. It was held at the Bonnington Hotel during the same weekend the Queen's Army Schoolmistresses Reunion<ref>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Queen%27s_Army_Schoolmistresses Queen's Army Schoolmistresses] at wikipedia.org. Essentially female teachers who taught the children of soldiers at garrisons schools. A linked article confirms that reunions took place in London at Whitsun and in November.</ref> took place there. Site of the '''Roofcon''', and notorious for the quelling by unplayful porters of night [[Room Party|party sessions]].  
 
}}
 
}}
  
−
{{convention | series=Eastercon | year=1953 | before=London SF Con |after=Supermancon |website=http://www.fiawol.org.uk/FanStuff/THEN%20Archive/1953Coroncon/Coron.htm}}
+
____
 +
<references/>
 +
 
 +
{{convention | series=Eastercon | year=1953 | before=London SF Con |after=Supermancon |locale=London, UK}}
 
[[Category:eastercon]]
 
[[Category:eastercon]]
 
[[Category:fancy2]]
 
[[Category:fancy2]]
 
[[Category:UK]]
 
[[Category:UK]]

Latest revision as of 15:15, 26 October 2024

(For other Loncons, see Loncon (Disambiguation).)

Coroncon, more formally the London Science Fiction Convention 1953, was the 1953 Eastercon, held May 23–24, 1953 (Whitsun weekend), at the Bonnington Hotel on Southampton Row in London. There was no GoH. Fred Brown was the chairman and Dorothy Ratigan the secretary[1]. Other committee members aren't named but were presumably London fans.

Coroncon continued the evolution of UK conventions. Hotel venues had been used since 1951 but this was the first where a significant number of attendees stayed on site, and thus the first to see room parties; the first to at least essay a dual-track programme; and the first to use name badges. It was also scene to the ongoing schism between fans from London and those from the north, particularly Manchester. It was named 'Coroncon' because 1953 was the year of Queen Elizabeth II's coronation. Ken Bulmer had originally proposed the name 'Coronvention' and the convention was also variously referred to as 'Boncon' and 'Loncon '53'.

Preparations[edit]

The convention won a contested bid at the London SF Con of 1952, easily defeating rivals Manchester and Bradford. A convention flyer of unknown date says that News Bulletins will be sent to members of the Society but as of 2024 no copies have been traced.

Membership fees were 2/6d for the 'convention society' plus 5/- per day. Teenagers and 'ladies' were half-price.

Venue[edit]

The main venue for the Saturday and Sunday was The Bonnington Hotel on Southampton Row in London. It remains in business as of 2024. Fantasy Times #179 said that, 'Unlike previous Conventions in London, most conventioneers stayed over at the Bonnington Hotel, and for the first time the whole atmosphere took on the semblance of an American Convention'.

As at Festivention and the London SF Con, preliminary sessions were again held at the White Horse pub in Fetter Lane on the Friday and presumably Thursday as this would have been the night of the regular meeting. This had also been the venue for the 1948 Whitcon.

Attendees[edit]

There is seemingly no published membership list. Fantasy Times #179 (June 1953) said the convention, 'averaged 152 attendees both days'. The following are either mentioned in contemporary reports or appear in photos.

  1. Frank Arnold
  2. Dave Barker[2]
  3. Eric Bentcliffe
  4. Bryan Berry
  5. Fred Brown
  6. John Brunner
  7. Daphne Buckmaster
  8. Ron Buckmaster
  9. Ken Bulmer
  10. Brian Burgess
  11. Bert Campbell
  12. Peter Campbell
  13. Ted Carnell
  14. Vin¢ Clarke
  15. Dave Cohen
  16. Jack J. Curle
  17. Ron Deacon
  18. Philip Duerr
  19. Charles Duncombe
  20. Frances Evans
  21. R. A. Fairthorne
  22. Les Flood
  23. Jesse Floyd
  24. Georges Gallet
  25. Dave Gardner
  26. Denis Gifford
  27. Maurice Goldsmith
  28. Harry Hanlon
  29. Peter Hamilton
  30. Paul Hammett
  31. Bill Harding
  32. Ernest Harmer
  33. Chuck Harris
  34. George Hay
  35. Arthur F. Hillman
  36. L. Ron Hubbard
  37. Jimmy Ivins
  38. Terry Jeeves
  39. Kenneth Johnson
  40. Eric Jones
  41. Rita Krohne
  42. Brian Lewis
  43. Bea Mahaffey
  44. Shirley Marriott
  45. Frank Milnes
  46. Jim Mooney
  47. Alex Morrison
  48. Bill Morse
  49. D. Peter Ogden
  50. Nic Oosterbaan
  51. Mary Patchett
  52. Peter Phillips
  53. Ken Potter
  54. Bill Price
  55. Fred Price
  56. Jim Ratigan
  57. Dorothy Ratigan
  58. Fred Robinson
  59. John Roles
  60. Sandy Sanderson
  61. Ken Slater
  62. Norman Shorrock
  63. Mr Solibakke
  64. Louise Solibakke
  65. Pete Taylor
  66. Mike Tealby
  67. Bill Temple
  68. Winnie Thorn
  69. Jeanne Thorne
  70. Tony Thorne
  71. Ted Tubb
  72. Brian Varley
  73. Norman Wansborough
  74. Norman Weedall
  75. James White
  76. Walt Willis
  77. Madeleine Willis
  78. Helen Winick
  79. Dave Wood
  80. Sam Youd

Fantasy Times #179 mentions 'a very fine spaceship play written by Canadian Bill Morse and Londoner Terry Wright'. However, Wright isn't mentioned in any of the Coroncon reporting and as of 2024 the name hasn't been located anywhere else. The programme book listed Matt Elder of Glasgow among 'a list of the fans who are active in Provincial Science Fiction Groups and other parts of the British Isles and whom, if all goes well, we hope to see at the Convention' but he is not mentioned in any reports so we don't know if he was in fact present.

An article in The Medway Journal #4 suggests further members of the Medway Science and Fantasy Club may have been present, aside from known attendees the Thornes, Winnie Thorn, and Brian Lewis. However, it doesn't identify them.

The convention[edit]

As with previous London conventions, fans gathered in the White Horse on Friday. Fred Robinson was surprised to find the place only 'comfortably half-full' at around 9pm. AS well as London fans, those present included the Bea Mahaffey, Rita Krohne, Jesse Floyd, Bill Harding, the Willises and James White.

On the Saturday various groups and publishers set up stalls in the main hall. The convention was due to start at 11am but didn't get going until 11:43 with news that the screening of Destination Moon had been cancelled and apology for the non-attendance of Peter Hamilton who was in the room to hear it. Walt Willis noted that this was the first convention have announcement of 'any unavoidable changes in items' listed in the programme[3].

After lunch, Bill Temple led off the pro authors panel. Willis said that he 'doesn't like speaking (extraordinary in one who does it so well) and insists on being put on early, with the result that everything else is something of an anticlimax'[4]. He was followed by Ted Tubb, John Brunner, John Christopher, Vin¢ Clarke and Frank Arnold. Ted Carnell then sparked a discussion about John Christopher's 'SF Under a Cloud' essay[5], a Mickey Spillane story[6] and the Liverpool Symposium on Sex and Sadism in Science Fiction before making the first public announcement of a travel fund that would become TAFF.

The Junior Fanatics presented a radio play that was charitably described as under-rehearsed, followed by discussion about future venues for the convention for which see below, and the Walt Willis sketch 'Whiskers' broadcast over the PA system. The auction, seemingly something of a flop by comparison with previous years with many BREs which even then were near unsellable while potentially valuable original art was disregarded[7].

The evening saw parties in the Liverpool Group suite, Bert Campbell's room, and Rita Krohne's room, albeit with interventions from the hotel's night porter.Some of the Liverpool and Manchester fans ended up on the roof.

The convention didn't really restart until 2pm on Sunday. The winners of the International Fantasy Award were announced, although the awards themselves hadn't been completed and the winners, both American, were absent anyway. 'And so the day dragged its weary way through desultorily presented items, for many of which the participants could not be found and the audience was exhorted to be patient and remain seated[8]. An editors session was interrupted by the unannounced and unexpected appearance of L. Ron Hubbard and was followed by various comic skits.

The evening saw a further round of parties, including some off-site at Londoners' homes.

Monday was given over to farewells.

Overall assessments were mixed, with northern fans in particular generally unimpressed. Willis described it as 'British fandom's first gallant attempt at an American style convention' albeit suffering from a less that ideal hotel.

Publications[edit]

As previously noted, the flyer implied the existence of 'News Bulletin's but as of 2024 none have been traced. A 20-page programme book was distributed. There was seemingly no post-convention souvenir nor any obvious plan for one.

Future conventions[edit]

Coroncon had been selected over competing bids for Manchester and Bradford and took place against a background of tension between London and especially Manchester fandom. Dave Cohen spoke on the Saturday, criticising the London fans for not supporting Mancon. Fred Brown responded, claiming somewhat implausibly not to have known about Mancon, and Bert Campbell made things worse by saying that Northerners couldn't expect celebrities to come to their convention. Fred Robinson (from Cardiff) wrote later that perhaps the best model was a the annual 'big' convention in London focussed on the professional side of the community supplemented by a 'fancon' in Manchester or Liverpool for, by and about fandom.

Oddly, there seems to have been no formal decision at Coroncon about the venue for 1954. The convention one-shot does end with the words 'IT'S MANCON IN '54!' but convention reports don't mention any bidding session or give any suggestion of plans for the future. Vin¢ Clarke, writing in the Science Fantasy News convention supplement after Coroncon was selected at the 1952 convention, had said 'There was a general feeling that Manchester, who were second in the voting, should have some sort of official backing next year [i.e. 1954] in any case' and so maybe there was a sense that the convention would go to Manchester if they wanted it. The NSFC's Space Times #11 (dated May 1953 but published after Coroncon) certainly assumed that the next convention would be the Supermancon. However, Walt Willis, writing in Peri #3 (April 1954) quotes a letter from Fred Brown suggesting London fans were prepared to run the 1954 convention but 'if another town decides on a Convention site in Whitsun, 1954, we shall probably drop the idea of a Loncon'.

It's a little unclear, then, how it was decided, but the 1954 convention would be Supermancon, the first post-War national convention held outside London.

From Fancyclopedia 2, ca. 1959
(Bulmer) The London con of 1953, named after some mundane event or other that took place that year; christened thus ten seconds after the proposal for a con in 1953 had been mooted (at the '52 con, also in London)[9]. It was held at the Bonnington Hotel during the same weekend the Queen's Army Schoolmistresses Reunion[10] took place there. Site of the Roofcon, and notorious for the quelling by unplayful porters of night party sessions.

____

  1. ↑ So described in Space Times #11 (May 1953).
  2. ↑ The assumption is that this is the person referred to as 'Dai Barker' in the membership list of the British Teenage Fantasy and Science Fiction Society. Dai is sometimes used as a diminutive for David.
  3. ↑ Hyphen #4 (October 1953).
  4. ↑ Ibid.
  5. ↑ Authentic Science Fiction #32 (April 1953).
  6. ↑ 'The Veiled Woman'Fantastic (November-December 1952).
  7. ↑ Space Diversions #7 (December 1953).
  8. ↑ 'Ibid.
  9. ↑ Not technically correct. According to Walt Willis, Ken Bulmer proposed 'Coronvention'.
  10. ↑ Queen's Army Schoolmistresses at wikipedia.org. Essentially female teachers who taught the children of soldiers at garrisons schools. A linked article confirms that reunions took place in London at Whitsun and in November.
London SF Con Eastercon Supermancon
1953
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