Difference between revisions of "FAPA"

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'''FAPA''', the '''Fantasy Amateur Press Association''', the oldest [[fan]] [[apa]] in the world, was founded in 1937 and still going.
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[[File:FAPAlogo.jpeg|right|frameless]]
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'''FAPA''' ("FAP-uh"), the '''Fantasy Amateur Press Association''', the oldest [[fan]] [[apa]] in the world, distributing members’ [[fanzines]] for nearly a century. It was founded in 1937 and is still going. It has been [[nicknamed]], infamously, [[Where Old Fans Go to Die]] and '''The Elephants' Graveyard''' for most of its existence. However, in the 2020s, it has become a growing [[organization]].
  
Like other [[APA]]s, FAPA is primarily an agency for distributing to its members publications put out by its members at their own expense. Members are required to be active in some way -- writing or publishing -- and produce at least 8 pages of [[minac]] a year. Mailings are quarterly.
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Members are usually called '''''Fapans''''', but terms such as '''''FAPAte''''' have been tried. [[Fanzines]] distributed through FAPA are '''''FAPAzines'''''.
  
To qualify for membership, one must have done one or more of the following within a year of applying: produced and distributed at least one issue of a [[fanzine]]; contributed material (written or artistic) to two fanzines not produced in the same metropolitan area; and/or posted contributions in two different electronic forums.  
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{{fancy2|text=
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'''Fapans''' Fapate, Fapans, Faps.  All names designating members of FAPA. The second is that endorsed by usage (prob'ly by analogy with "[[fans]]") but really the first is correct; FAPA is an [[association]], so its members are associates.
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}}
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{{fancy1|text=
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'''FAPAzine''' A [[fanzine]] [[published]] thru the FAPA; sometimes a synonym for [[individ fanzine]]. The name was used as the official title of a thing by [[Elmer Perdue|Perdue]].
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}}
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* {{fanzineindex|name=Fantasy Amateur|dir=FantasyAmateur}}.
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* {{fanzineindex|name=FAPA Mailings|dir=FAPA_Mailings}}.
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* {{fanzineindex|name=FAPA One-Shots|dir=FAPA-Misc}}.
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* [[FAPA Index (Mailings 1-28)]].
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* [[FAPA Book]].
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* [[FAPA Memory Book]].
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* ''[[A Sense of FAPA]]''.
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* [https://facebook.com/groups/409930185866875/ Facebook group. ]
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=Mechanics=
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Like other [[apae]], FAPA is primarily an agency for distributing to its members print publications, produced by its members in a variety of formats, at their own expense. Members are required to produce at least 8 pages of [[minac]] a year. Mailings are quarterly.
 +
 
 +
===Joining===
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According to FAPA's by-laws, to qualify for membership, a prospective member must have done one or more of the following within a year of applying:  
 +
*produced and distributed at least one issue of a fanzine;  
 +
*contributed material (written or artistic) to two fanzines not produced in the same metropolitan area;  
 +
*and/or posted contributions in two different electronic forums.
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 +
However, in practice, FAPA had no (or virtually no) new members throughout the 2010s and seemed destined for extinction. As an expedient, when prospective new members suddenly starting showing up in volume in 2022, the primary way they were added was by sponsorship or "[[franking]]" by an existing member.
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 +
Thus, as of 2023, the way one becomes a member of FAPA is less formal than it has been in the past. To wit:
 +
*Send a check for $10; and,
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*20 copies of your zine to the [[OE]]:<br>[[Ken Forman]]<br>2234 Marion County 7055<br>Flippin, AR  72634
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 +
If your zine is accepted (no one has been rejected yet), you're a member so long as you maintain your 8-page [[minac]] requirement and the annual check to cover mailing costs. These costs may increase as more members join.
  
There are annual elections (August) of a [[president]], [[vice-president]], [[secretary]]-[[treasurer]] and [[Official Editor]]; the two former are limited to two consecutive one-year terms. Other [[official]]s have included [[Official Critics]], a [[Laureate]] [[Committee]], and ballot counters. The first two positions were abandoned by the mid '40s, but a teller for the annual officer [[elections]] continues to be appointed by the Secretary-Treasurer.  
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For more information, Ken can also be reached at kforman@att.net.
  
Members are usually called '''''Fapans''''', but terms such as '''''FAPAte''''' have been tried.  
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==Officers==
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There are annual elections (August) of a [[secretary]]-[[treasurer]] and [[Official Editor]], limited to two consecutive one-year terms. Other [[official]]s have included [[president]], [[vice-president]], [[Official Critics]], a [[Laureate]] [[Committee]], and ballot counters. The latter two positions were abandoned by the mid '40s, and the former two in 2009, but a teller for the annual officer [[elections]] continues to be appointed by the Secretary-Treasurer.
  
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=History=
 
{{fancy2|text=
 
{{fancy2|text=
'''Fapans''' Fapate, Fapans, Faps.  All names designating members of FAPA. The second is that endorsed by usage (prob'ly by analogy with "[[fans]]") but really the first is correct; FAPA is an [[association]], so its members are associates.  
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'''Fandom's Oldest Organization -- Established 1937''' (Or, more usually, approximations and [[burlesque|parodies]] of this) refers to FAPA, which was and is the oldest [[Fandom]]-wide [[organization]]. There are other [[clubs]] like the [[LASFS]] and [[PSFS]] which are older but are [[locals]].  
 
}}
 
}}
  
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==1930s==
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The Fantasy Amateur Press Association was founded in 1937 by [[Don Wollheim]] and [[John Michel]]. They were inspired to create FAPA by their memberships in some of the non-fan [[amateur press associations]] (“[[ajays]]”), which they learned of from [[H. P. Lovecraft]]. FAPA's original constitutional limit was 50 members to accommodate publishers using [[hektographs]]. There were 21 members listed on the roster of the first mailing in August 1937; it took until the November 1938 mailing to fill the 50-member roster. The membership limit was raised to 65 in 1944 and has remained at that level ever since.
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The early years of FAPA were stormy with [[Parties|party politics]] and [[sociological]] [[feuds]] (for details, see [[Jack Speer]]'s pioneering [[fan history]], ''[[Up to Now]]''), and its third year, 1939-40, was marked by the [[Interregnum]]. Thereafter the prophets of [[Third Fandom]] came into control.
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===FAPA Campaign===
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The 1938 elections for the officers of the newly-created FAPA were seen at the time as a battle for the future of [[fandom]] between the [[Don Wollheim]]–[[John Michel]] axis and the non-political [[fans]].
  
==History==
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Wollheim was at the peak of his influence in fandom -- basically, he dominated it -- and arranged to continue control over FAPA by running a slate of officers and by sending out his slate’s attacks on the opposition along with the ballots. His slate won because, in those days of much slower communication, most of the FAPA membership had no idea what was going on. Once fans ''did'' realize how Wollheim had played them, sentiment turned against his group and it resigned.
===1930s and ’40s===
 
The Fantasy Amateur Press Association ("FAP-uh") was founded in 1937 by [[Don Wollheim]] and [[John Michel]]. They were inspired to create FAPA by their memberships in some of the non-fan [[amateur press associations]], which they learned of from [[H. P. Lovecraft]]. FAPA's original constitutional limit was 50 members to accommodate publishers using [[hektographs]]. There were 21 members listed on the roster of the first mailing in August 1937; it took until the November 1938 mailing to fill the 50-member roster. The membership limit was raised to 65 in 1944 and has remained at that level ever since.  
 
  
The early years of FAPA were stormy with [[Parties|party politics]] and [[sociological]] [[feuds]] (for details, see [[Jack Speer]]'s pioneering fan history, ''[[Up to Now]]''), and its third year, 1939-40, was marked by the [[Interregnum]]. Thereafter the prophets of [[Third Fandom]] came into control. At the beginning of 1945, withdrawal of the [[Futurians]], some of whom were officers, precipitated a [[Little Interregnum]] and during the next two years a series of [[officer]]s who failed to properly function plagued the group (see [[Blitzkrieg]]).
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While Wollheim and company continued to be very influential, they never again dominated fandom.
  
In 1947, Speer reformed the Constitution, and the [[Insurgents]] quashed the last inactive [[OE]], [[Elmer Perdue]]. Since then official troubles have mostly not disturbed FAPA, and red tape has been held to a minimum. The Constitution was again revised in 1958 (also by Speer) to incorporate amendments, bylaws, and practices adopted since 1947. Another major revision occurred in 2001 under the oversight of [[Robert Lichtman]] ([[Secretary]]-[[Treasurer]] since 1986 and still holding that office), clarifying and conforming constitutional requirements with actual practice.
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[[Jack Speer]], while very much a player in these events, produced the first [[fanhistory]], ''[[Up To Now]]'', in 1939 and described the process in detail. For a full and fairly well-balanced account, see the chapters:
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* [[Up To Now: The FAPA Campaign]]
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* [[Up To Now: The Crucial Period]]
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* [[Up To Now: The Undertow]]
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* [[Up To Now: The Situation in the West]]
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* [[Up To Now: The Order Begins to Crumble]]
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* [[Up To Now: The Decline and Fall of Wollheim]]
  
 
{{fancy1|text=
 
{{fancy1|text=
Pronounced variously [efeipiei], [faepe], and [fapa]. The Fantasy Amateur Press Association, constituted in 1937 by [[Wollheim]], and [[Michel]]. Others soon joined, up to its constitutional limit of 50 (changed to 65 in 1943). The FAPA's first year was stormy with [[Party|party politics]] and sociological feuds, and its third year, 1939-40, was marked by the [[Interregnum]]. Thereafter the profets of the [[Third Fandom]] came into control, and it prospered to become the longest-lived successful [[fan]] organization.  
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Pronounced variously [efeipiei], [faepe], and [fapa]. The Fantasy Amateur Press Association, constituted in 1937 by [[Wollheim]], and [[Michel]]. Others soon joined, up to its constitutional limit of 50 (changed to 65 in 1943). The FAPA's first year was stormy with [[Party|party politics]] and sociological [[feuds]], and its third year, 1939-40, was marked by the [[Interregnum]]. Thereafter the profets of the [[Third Fandom]] came into control, and it prospered to become the longest-lived successful [[fan]] organization.
 
   
 
   
It is primarily an agency for distributing to its members publications put out by its members at their own expense. This it does by mailings every three months. Members are required to be active in some way, writing or publishing. There are annual elections in June of a president, vice president, secretary-treasure, and [[Official Editor]] (he also does the mailing), who cannot held the same post again for five years. Other officials are the official critics, laureate committee, and ballot counters. Red tape is at a minimum.  
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It is primarily an agency for distributing to its members publications put out by its members at their own expense. This it does by mailings every three months. Members are required to be active in some way, writing or publishing. There are annual elections in June of a president, vice president, secretary-treasure, and [[Official Editor]] (he also does the mailing), who cannot held the same post again for five years. Other officials are the official critics, laureate committee, and ballot counters. Red tape is at a minimum.
 
}}
 
}}
  
===1950s–70s===
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==1940s==
During the '50s and '60s FAPA was so popular and membership so sought after that the [[waiting list]] grew to monumental proportions, for a period of time exceeding the number of membership slots on the FAPA roster. A [[waiting list]] fee was instituted to cover the cost of sending the ''[[Fantasy Amateur]]'' to so many fans awaiting membership, and a requirement that [[wait list]] periodically acknowledge receipt of the ''Fantasy Amateur'' was begun in order to weed out those who lost interest during the long wait.  [[Bill Danner]] started the [[FATE Tape]] (the Fantasy Amateur Tape Exchange) for FAPA members in 1955.
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===Order of Dagon===
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''(Did you mean the [[Esoteric Order of Dagon]]?)''
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{{fancy2|text=
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'''Order of Dagon''' In 1944 FAPA had become somewhat cumbered with deadwood and official resistance to change frustrated attempts to get the latter out by tightening [[minac|activity requirements]], etc. By December 1944 the [[Battle Creek]]-[[Bloomington, IL|Bloomington]]-[[Los Angeles]] Axis had plans for an ''anschluss'' in [[FAPA]] well in hand. The [[Futurians]] were to be quashed by a nebulous group, the '''Freedom Party''', standing for strengthened activity requirements and some miscellaneous projects which came to nothing. It was to be backed up by a secret self-perpetuating group known as the Order of [[Dagon]]; this started with the three plotters mentioned above ([[Al Ashley|Ashley]], [[Bob Tucker|Tucker]], and [[FTLaney|Laney]]) and included such folk as [[Walt Liebscher|Liebscher]], [[Jack Wiedenbeck | Wiedenbeck]], [[Oliver Saari|Saari]], [[Paul Spencer|Spencer]], [[Milt Rothman|Rothman]], [[Les Croutch|Croutch]], [[Elmer Perdue|Perdue]], and [[4E|Ackerman]]. The Order was to implement the Freedom Party program by bloc voting and by presenting all FP candidates for office, and successfully swung its first election. But the anti-[[Futurian]] aspect of the move was frustrated by the [[Little Interregnum]], when the [[Futurians]] abdicated their leadership and withdrew into [[VAPA]].
 +
}}
  
The '60s also saw more FAPA [[fan politics]]:  As recounted in ''[[Ratatosk]]'' #6 and #7, ten or so members of FAPA blackballed the ''entire'' [[waitlist]], apparently to protest the blackballing provision in the FAPA constitution, thus eliminating the entire waitlist. The Secretary-Treasurer of FAPA duly cleared the waitlist and then immediately invoked a precedent from the 40s when FAPA was short of members, and selected a group of [[fans]] to be on a ''new'' waitlist.  By coincidence, the ''new'' waitlist looked a very great deal like the old one....  In a similar vein, [[Rick Sneary]] proposed an amendment to the FAPA constitution that no member of [[The Cult]] (another [[apa]]) be allowed to be FAPA members. ''Someone'' arranged for all FAPA members who were not members of The Cult to be granted Honorary Membership in it -- and [[Dick Eney]] ran a large [[Fantasy Rotator]], ''[[Avanc]] 8'' through FAPA -- so that if the Sneary amendment passed, ''everyone'' would be thrown out of FAPA.  (It failed 24 to 6.)
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1944 also saw a special election about [[racism]], spurred by obnoxious opinions of [[Jack Speer]].
  
By the '70s the waiting list became much smaller, and FAPA was sometimes called since the mid '90s has disappeared altogether. Additionally, the number of members has also shrunk as existing members died or otherwise dropped off the roster. As of May 2017 there were 19 active participants.
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At the beginning of 1945, withdrawal of the [[Futurians]], some of whom were officers, precipitated a [[Little Interregnum]] and during the next two years a series of [[officer]]s who failed to properly function plagued the group (see [[Blitzkrieg]]).
  
 +
In 1947, Speer reformed the Constitution, and the [[Insurgents]] quashed the last inactive [[OE]], [[Elmer Perdue]]. Since then official troubles have mostly not disturbed FAPA, and red tape has been held to a minimum. The Constitution was again revised in 1958 (also by Speer) to incorporate amendments, bylaws, and practices adopted since 1947.
  
 +
===Where Old Fans Go to Die===
 
{{fancy2|text=
 
{{fancy2|text=
("FAP-uh")  The Fantasy Amateur Press Association, constituted in 1937 by [[Wollheim]] and [[Michel]].  Others soon joined, up to its constitutional limit of 50 (raised to 65 in 1943).  The first year of FAPA was stormy with [[Parties|party politics]] and [[sociological]] [[feuds]], and its third year, 1939-40, was marked by the [[Interregnum]].  Thereafter the prophets of [[Third Fandom]] came into control.  At the beginning of 1945 withdrawal of the [[Futurians]], some of whom were officers, precipitated a [[Little Interregnum]] and during the next two years a series of officers who refused to function plagued the group (see [[blitzkrieg]]).  In 1947 [[Speer]] reformed the Constitution, and the [[Insurgents]] quashed the last inactive [[OE]], [[Perdue]].  Since then official troubles have not disturbed FAPA, and red tape has been held to a minimum.  The Constitution was again revised in 1958 (also by Speer) to incorporate amendments, bylaws, and practices adopted since 1947.  
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([[Rick Sneary|Sneary]]:[[FTLaney|Laney]]) or any [[burlesque|parody]] of this [[catchphrase|slogan]] has reference to [[FAPA]], on account of the tenacity with which members clung to the roster toward the end of [[World War II]]. ("FAPA members never quit and rarely died.") [[FTLaney|Laney]], struck by [[Rick Sneary|Sneary]]'s coinage, stuck this phrase on the [[masthead]] of the [[The Fantasy Amateur|FA]] during his [[OE]]ship (1948). On gaining office, Sneary as [[VP]] banned usage of the phrase there or in any [[FAPAzine]]. "Why, I wonder?" wonders [[Charles Burbee|Burbee]]. "I suppose he decided that it wasn't as funny or as significant as we claimed."
 +
}}
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{{Fancy2S|text=
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Sneary's term did not refer to the "tenacity with which members clung to the roster" -- in Winter 47-8 there was no [[waitlist|waiting list]] at all.  What he meant was that [[actifans]] who had produced important [[subzine]] work were withdrawing from this activity to spend their declining years ([[fannishly]] speaking) in [[FAPA]]. And "I wasn't [[VP]] [when I banned the phrase from FAPA appearance]" recollects Sneary, "but [[Prexy]].  I made many foolish rulings, like no one being allowed to read a [[FAPAzine]] before the [[mailing]] -- including its [[editor]] -- and appointing myself, at the end of my term, as FAPA's ex-[[vice-president]] for a term of 9 years, to run concurrent with [[Elmer Perdue|Perdue]] (who was the ex-[[President]] for 10 years)."
 +
}}
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==1950s–70s==
 +
During the '50s and '60s FAPA was so popular and membership so sought after that the [[waiting list]] grew to monumental proportions, for a period of time exceeding the number of membership slots on the FAPA roster. A [[waiting list]] fee was instituted to cover the cost of sending the ''[[Fantasy Amateur]]'' to so many fans awaiting membership, and a requirement that [[wait list]] periodically acknowledge receipt of the ''Fantasy Amateur'' was begun in order to weed out those who lost interest during the long wait.  [[Bill Danner]] started the [[FATE Tape]] (the Fantasy Amateur Tape Exchange) for FAPA members in 1955.
 +
 
 +
The '60s also saw more FAPA [[fan politics]]:  As recounted in ''[[Ratatosk]]'' #6 and #7, ten or so members of FAPA blackballed the ''entire'' [[waitlist]], apparently to protest the blackballing provision in the FAPA constitution, thus eliminating the entire waitlist. The Secretary-Treasurer of FAPA duly cleared the [[waitlist]] and then immediately invoked a precedent from the 1940s when FAPA was short of members, and selected a group of [[fans]] to be on a ''new'' waitlist.  By coincidence, the ''new'' waitlist looked a very great deal like the old one....  In a similar vein, [[Rick Sneary]] proposed an amendment to the FAPA constitution that no member of [[The Cult]] (another [[apa]]) be allowed to be FAPA members. ''Someone'' arranged for all FAPA members who were not members of The Cult to be granted Honorary Membership in it -- and [[Dick Eney]] ran a large [[Fantasy Rotator]], ''[[Avanc]] 8'' through FAPA -- so that if the Sneary amendment passed, ''everyone'' would be thrown out of FAPA.  (It failed 24 to 6.)
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 +
==1980s–2010s==
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===Decline and Fall===
 +
With the growth of the Internet, paper-based [[fanac]] began to decline generally, and most apas faltered in competition with online forums.
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 +
FAPA had long been known as the last stomping grounds of geriatric fandom, and at this point, the [[waiting list]] became much smaller, and in the mid-'90s had disappeared altogether. The number of members had also shrunk as existing members died or otherwise dropped off the roster. As of May 2016, there were 23 active participants; by May 2017, there were just 19.
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A major revision of the FAPA Constitution occurred in 2001 under the oversight of [[Robert Lichtman]] ([[Secretary]]-[[Treasurer]] 1986–2022), clarifying and conforming constitutional requirements with actual practice.
 +
 
 +
==2020s==
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===Renaissance===
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At the beginning of 2022, the nadir of FAPA, there were only 13 members.
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 +
In 2021, [[Erica Frank]], a [[fanwriter]] and member of the [[Hugo]]-nominated fanzine ''[[Galactic Journey]]'', made the intensive effort to determine whether the legendary FAPA still existed and, if so, how to join. It wasn't easy. Eventually, she got a hold of member [[Roger Wells]], who put her in contact with [[Ken Forman]].
 +
 
 +
Erica joined in the second mailing of 2022 (May). This sparked an inflow of people, all tracing back to her. Since Erica, a new member has joined every quarter, and the rolls now total 19 (one longtime member, [[Robert Lichtman]], died in 2022, and is being kept on the rolls as a posthumous honor).
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 +
Thus, FAPA is undergoing a comparatively explosive revival while maintaining the timbre and tradition of the original [[organization]]. It is hoped that FAPA can reach its 65-member cap (and explore what to do then!) in time for its hundredth anniversary.
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 +
{{fancy2|text=
 +
("FAP-uh")  The Fantasy Amateur Press Association, constituted in 1937 by [[Wollheim]] and [[Michel]].  Others soon joined, up to its constitutional limit of 50 (raised to 65 in 1943).  The first year of FAPA was stormy with [[Parties|party politics]] and [[sociological]] [[feuds]], and its third year, 1939-40, was marked by the [[Interregnum]].  Thereafter the prophets of [[Third Fandom]] came into control.  At the beginning of 1945 withdrawal of the [[Futurians]], some of whom were officers, precipitated a [[Little Interregnum]] and during the next two years a series of officers who refused to function plagued the group (see [[blitzkrieg]]).  In 1947 [[Speer]] reformed the Constitution, and the [[Insurgents]] quashed the last inactive [[OE]], [[Perdue]].  Since then official troubles have not disturbed FAPA, and red tape has been held to a minimum.  The Constitution was again revised in 1958 (also by Speer) to incorporate amendments, bylaws, and practices adopted since 1947.
 
   
 
   
FAPA is primarily an agency for distributing to its members publications put out by its members at their own expense.  This it does by mailings every three months.  Members are required to be active in some way -- writing or publishing -- and produce at least 8 pages of activity a year.  There are annual elections (August) of a president, vice-president, secretary-treasurer and Official Editor; the two former cannot hold the same post again for five years.  Other officials have included [[Official Critics]], a [[Laureate Committee]], and ballot counters.  
+
FAPA is primarily an agency for distributing to its members publications put out by its members at their own expense.  This it does by mailings every three months.  Members are required to be active in some way -- writing or publishing -- and produce at least 8 pages of activity a year.  There are annual elections (August) of a president, vice-president, secretary-treasurer and Official Editor; the two former cannot hold the same post again for five years.  Other officials have included [[Official Critics]], a [[Laureate Committee]], and ballot counters.
 
   
 
   
FAPA was the stronghold of the [[Brain Trust]] during [[Third Fandom]], and has always been the most influential [[general fan organization]]; in fact, such [[APAs]] are the only [[general fan organizations]] that are really active.  
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FAPA was the stronghold of the [[Brain Trust]] during [[Third Fandom]], and has always been the most influential [[general fan organization]]; in fact, such [[APAs]] are the only [[general fan organizations]] that are really active.
 
}}
 
}}
  
 
=== Members of FAPA and their FAPAzines included:===
 
=== Members of FAPA and their FAPAzines included:===
 
* [[Forrest J Ackerman]] -- ''[[Fantasticonglomeration]]'', ''[[Glom]]'', ''[[Get Them Out on Time]]'', ''[[Black and White]]'', ''[[Presenting -- Adam Singlesheet]]'', ''[[Rahuun Ta-Ka]]'', ''[[The War Lock]]''
 
* [[Forrest J Ackerman]] -- ''[[Fantasticonglomeration]]'', ''[[Glom]]'', ''[[Get Them Out on Time]]'', ''[[Black and White]]'', ''[[Presenting -- Adam Singlesheet]]'', ''[[Rahuun Ta-Ka]]'', ''[[The War Lock]]''
 +
* [[Anni Ackner]] -- ''[[Archaic Barrel Volume]]''
 
* [[Martin Alger]] -- ''[[Revoltin' Development]]''
 
* [[Martin Alger]] -- ''[[Revoltin' Development]]''
 
* [[Karen Anderson]] -- ''[[Goliard]]'', ''[[Alif]]''
 
* [[Karen Anderson]] -- ''[[Goliard]]'', ''[[Alif]]''
* [[Harry Andruschak]] --
+
* [[Harry Andruschak]] -- ''[[Intermediate Vector Bosons]]'', ''[[The Owlet Hoots]]''
 +
* [[Anonymous]] -- ''[[Fantasy Faction Field]]''
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* [[Bruce D. Arthurs]] -- ''[[Staggerwing]]'', ''[[Undulant Fever]]'', ''[[F-Words]]''
 
* [[Abby Lu Ashley]] and [[Al Ashley]] -- ''[[En Garde]]''
 
* [[Abby Lu Ashley]] and [[Al Ashley]] -- ''[[En Garde]]''
 
* [[Al Ashley]] -- ''[[The Precipitant]]'', ''[[Meet FAPA]]'', ''[[These Amazing Amendments]]'', ''[[The Stump]]''
 
* [[Al Ashley]] -- ''[[The Precipitant]]'', ''[[Meet FAPA]]'', ''[[These Amazing Amendments]]'', ''[[The Stump]]''
* [[Mal Ashworth]] -- ''[[Fringe]]'', ''[[I Dreamt I Crept in Marble Crypts]]'', ''[[The Hasty Stopgap]]'', ''[[The Last Fans in Town]]'', ''[[Yrautibo]]'', ''[[Running, Jumping, & Standing Still Magazine]]'', ''[[Rot]]''
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* [[Mal Ashworth]] -- ''[[Fringe]]'', ''[[I Dreamt I Crept in Marble Crypts]]'', ''[[The Hasty Stopgap]]'', ''[[The Last Fans in Town]]'', ''[[Yrautibo]]'', ''[[Running, Jumping, & Standing Still Magazine]]'', ''[[Rot]]'', ''[[Hita Pfushana]]'', ''[[Biggy Plonks at the End of Time]]'', ''[[Old Gaffer Hossetith Tells It the Way It Is]]''
 
* [[Lenny Bailes]] -- ''[[Tuesday After Lunch...]]''
 
* [[Lenny Bailes]] -- ''[[Tuesday After Lunch...]]''
* [[John Bangsund]] -- ''[[The New Millennial Harbinger]]'', '[[Philosophical Gas]]'', ''[[Society of Editors Newsletter]]'', ''[[Private Cellar Club]]'', ''[[What's Happening in Australia]]'', ''[[Great Australian Colour Book of Minac]]'', ''[[In the Gums of a Mumbling Gale]]'', ''[[Wreckin Heaves 1]]''
+
* [[John Bangsund]] -- ''[[The New Millennial Harbinger]]'', ''[[Philosophical Gas]]'', ''[[Society of Editors Newsletter]]'', ''[[Private Cellar Club]]'', ''[[What's Happening in Australia]]'', ''[[Great Australian Colour Book of Minac]]'', ''[[In the Gums of a Mumbling Gale]]'', ''[[Wreckin Heaves]]''
 +
* [[Elisheva Barsabe]] -- ''[[Landscape]]''
 +
* [[Anders Bellis]] -- ''[[Sweden 85]]'', ''[[The Engholm File]]''
 
* [[Greg Benford]] -- ''[[Doorway]]''
 
* [[Greg Benford]] -- ''[[Doorway]]''
 
* [[Jim Benford]] -- ''[[Motley (Benford)]]''
 
* [[Jim Benford]] -- ''[[Motley (Benford)]]''
 
* [[Ron Bennett]] -- ''[[Qurp]]'', ''[[Directory of Science Fiction Fandom]]''
 
* [[Ron Bennett]] -- ''[[Qurp]]'', ''[[Directory of Science Fiction Fandom]]''
* [[Richard Bergeron]] -- ''[[Warhoon]]'', ''[[Serenade]]''
+
* [[Richard Bergeron]] -- ''[[Warhoon]]'', ''[[Serenade]]'', ''[[VOX]]''
 
* [[Ruth Berman]] -- ''[[Pantopon]]''
 
* [[Ruth Berman]] -- ''[[Pantopon]]''
 
* [[John Berry]] -- ''[[This Goon for Hire]]''
 
* [[John Berry]] -- ''[[This Goon for Hire]]''
* [[John D. Berry]] --
+
* [[John D. Berry]]
 
* [[Robert Bloch]] -- ''[[Science-Fiction Fifty Yearly]]''
 
* [[Robert Bloch]] -- ''[[Science-Fiction Fifty Yearly]]''
* [[Redd Boggs]] -- ''[[Sky Hook]]'', ''[[Nehwon Review]]'', ''[[Open Season on Monsters]]'', ''[[Bete Noir]]'', ''[[Cockatrice]]'', ''[[The Lovecraftsman]]'', ''[[The Bagabash Papers]]'', ''[[The House of the Hidden Poet]]''
+
* [[Redd Boggs]] -- ''[[Sky Hook]]'', ''[[Nehwon Review]]'', ''[[Open Season on Monsters]]'', ''[[Bete Noir]]'', ''[[Cockatrice]]'', ''[[The Lovecraftsman]]'', ''[[The Bagabash Papers]]'', ''[[The House of the Hidden Poet]]'', ''[[Hurrah for Our Side]]'', ''[[We Remember Terry Carr]]''
* [[Harry Bond]] --
 
 
* [[Sandra Bond]] -- [[Big Fish, Little Fish, Cardboard Box]]
 
* [[Sandra Bond]] -- [[Big Fish, Little Fish, Cardboard Box]]
 +
* [[Kenneth H. Bonnell]] -- ''[[ForLo Kon]]''
 +
* [[Bernadette Bosky]] -- ''[[Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report]]'', ''[[Wizard Music]]'', ''[[Your Tentacle Touched My Heart]]'', ''[[Teller Story]]'', ''[[W.A.S.T.E. Paper]]'', ''[[Bobbing for Golden Apples]]'', ''[[Lynx]]''
 
* [[Phil Bronson]] -- ''[[Wudgy Tales]]''
 
* [[Phil Bronson]] -- ''[[Wudgy Tales]]''
* [[Velma Bowen]] --
+
* [[Lester Boutillier]]
 +
* [[Velma Bowen]]
 
* [[Marion Zimmer Bradley]] ''[[Gemini Fapa]]'', ''[[Allerlei]]'', ''[[Catch Trap]]'', ''[[Astra's Tower]]''
 
* [[Marion Zimmer Bradley]] ''[[Gemini Fapa]]'', ''[[Allerlei]]'', ''[[Catch Trap]]'', ''[[Astra's Tower]]''
*[[David Bratman]] -- ''[[Girabbit]]''
+
* [[David Bratman]] -- ''[[Girabbit]]'', ''[[Private Enterprise Rabbit]]''
* [[Walter Breen]] -- ''[[Allerlei]]''
+
* [[Walter Breen]] -- ''[[Allerlei]]'', ''[[The Gemini Problem: A Study in Darkover]]''
* ''[[Greg Bridges]]'' -- ''[[Misled Ptah Too]]''
+
* [[Greg Bridges]] -- ''[[Misled Ptah Too]]''
 
* [[Lynn Bridges]] -- ''[[Inspiration]]''
 
* [[Lynn Bridges]] -- ''[[Inspiration]]''
 +
* [[Brian Earl Brown]] -- ''[[Fapamentary]]'', ''[[Brownian Motion]]'', ''[[Sticky Quarters]]'', ''[[FAPA Festival Fanzine]]'', ''[[Memory Dump]]''
 
* [[Mel Brown]] -- ''[[Fan Slants]]'', ''[[Venus-Con]]''
 
* [[Mel Brown]] -- ''[[Fan Slants]]'', ''[[Venus-Con]]''
 
* [[Charles Burbee]] -- ''[[Burblings]]'', ''[[Get Them Out on Time]]'', ''[[The Best Loins Are on the Floor]]''
 
* [[Charles Burbee]] -- ''[[Burblings]]'', ''[[Get Them Out on Time]]'', ''[[The Best Loins Are on the Floor]]''
* [[Stan Burns]] --
+
* [[Stan Burns]]
 
* [[Jason K. Burnett]] -- ''[[Hexagon]]'', ''[[Placeholder]]'', ''[[All Sinking, No Power]]''
 
* [[Jason K. Burnett]] -- ''[[Hexagon]]'', ''[[Placeholder]]'', ''[[All Sinking, No Power]]''
 
* [[David Burton]] -- ''[[Catchpenny Gazette]]''
 
* [[David Burton]] -- ''[[Catchpenny Gazette]]''
Line 82: Line 173:
 
* [[Gregg Calkins]] -- ''[[The Rambling Fap]]''
 
* [[Gregg Calkins]] -- ''[[The Rambling Fap]]''
 
* [[Jack Calvert]] -- ''[[Exclam!]]''
 
* [[Jack Calvert]] -- ''[[Exclam!]]''
* [[G. M. Carr]] -- ''[[Gemzine]]'', ''[[Epistles & Egoboo]]''
+
* [[Marty Cantor]] -- ''[[The Lime Jello Gazette]]''
 +
* [[Stven Carlberg]] -- ''[[The Pied-A-Terre]]''
 +
* [[G. M. Carr]] -- ''[[Gemzine]]'', ''[[Epistles & Egoboo]]'', ''[[Unasked Opinion]]''
 
* [[Miriam Carr]] -- ''[[Klein Bottle]]''
 
* [[Miriam Carr]] -- ''[[Klein Bottle]]''
* [[Terry Carr]] -- ''[[Diaspar]]'', ''[[Klein Bottle]]'', ''[[Entropy (Carr)|Entropy]]''
+
* [[Terry Carr]] -- ''[[Diaspar]]'', ''[[Klein Bottle]]'', ''[[Entropy (Carr)|Entropy]]'', ''[[Atomica]]''
* [[Lee Carson]] --
+
* [[Lee Carson]]
 
* [[Jim Caughran]] -- ''[[A Propos de Rien]]''
 
* [[Jim Caughran]] -- ''[[A Propos de Rien]]''
* [[Jack Chalker]] -- ''[[Interjection]]'', ''[[Viewpoint]]'', ''[[Mirage]]''
+
* [[Jack Chalker]] -- ''[[Interjection]]'', ''[[Viewpoint]]'', ''[[Mirage]]'', ''[[Oh Yeah]]''
* [[Louis Russell Chauvenet]] -- ''[[Spinnaker Reach]]'', ''[[Sardonyx]]'', ''[[Zizzle-Pop]]'', ''[[Ephemeron]]''
+
* [[Louis Russell Chauvenet]] -- ''[[Spinnaker Reach]]'', ''[[Sardonyx]]'', ''[[Zizzle-Pop]]'', ''[[Ephemeron]]'', ''[[Detours]]''
 
* [[Vince Clarke]] -- ''[[Tucker Hotel]]''
 
* [[Vince Clarke]] -- ''[[Tucker Hotel]]''
 
* [[Esther Cole]] -- ''[[Orgasm]]''
 
* [[Esther Cole]] -- ''[[Orgasm]]''
 
* [[Lester Cole]] -- ''[[Orgasm]]''
 
* [[Lester Cole]] -- ''[[Orgasm]]''
* [[Tom Collins]] -- ''[[Is]]''
+
* [[Tom Collins]] -- ''[[Is]]'', ''[[Jesting Pilate]]''
 
* [[Ed Connor]] -- ''[[The Science Fiction Echo]]''
 
* [[Ed Connor]] -- ''[[The Science Fiction Echo]]''
 
* [[Roger Conway ]] -- ''[[X]]''
 
* [[Roger Conway ]] -- ''[[X]]''
 
* [[Walter Coslet]] -- ''[[Futusyn]]'', ''[[The Insider]]'', ''[[Somnambulism]]'', ''[[Thirteen]]''
 
* [[Walter Coslet]] -- ''[[Futusyn]]'', ''[[The Insider]]'', ''[[Somnambulism]]'', ''[[Thirteen]]''
 +
* [[Henry G. Coswell]] -- ''[[Fapasnix]]''
 
* [[Rob Coulson]] & [[Juanita Coulson]] -- ''[[Vandy]]''
 
* [[Rob Coulson]] & [[Juanita Coulson]] -- ''[[Vandy]]''
 
* [[Dale Cozort]] -- ''[[Science Fiction Adventure Magazine]]''
 
* [[Dale Cozort]] -- ''[[Science Fiction Adventure Magazine]]''
* [[Ed Cox]] -- ''[[The Best Lines Are on the Floor]]''
+
* [[Ed Cox]] -- ''[[The Best Lines Are on the Floor]]'', ''[[Fafhrd (Cox)]]'', ''[[Maine-iac (Cox)]]'', ''[[A Fanzine In...]]'', ''[[Not This August]]''
* [[Burton Crane]] --
+
* [[Burton Crane]]
 +
* [[Dick Crain]]
 
* [[Leslie Croutch]] -- ''[[Light]]''
 
* [[Leslie Croutch]] -- ''[[Light]]''
 
* [[John M. Cunningham]] -- ''[[Salute]]''
 
* [[John M. Cunningham]] -- ''[[Salute]]''
Line 107: Line 202:
 
* [[Chan Davis]] -- ''[[Blitherings]]''
 
* [[Chan Davis]] -- ''[[Blitherings]]''
 
* [[Donald B. Day]] -- ''[[Fan-Scent]]''
 
* [[Donald B. Day]] -- ''[[Fan-Scent]]''
* [[Claude Degler]] --  
+
* [[Claude Degler]]
 +
* [[Gerry de la Ree]] -- ''[[Beowulf]]''
 
* [[Gary Deindorfer]] -- ''[[Balderdash]]''
 
* [[Gary Deindorfer]] -- ''[[Balderdash]]''
* [[Gerry de la Ree]] -- ''[[Beowulf]]''
+
* [[Michael Deckinger]] -- ''[[Godot]]''
 
* [[Calvin Demmon]] -- ''[[New Cat Sand]]''
 
* [[Calvin Demmon]] -- ''[[New Cat Sand]]''
 
* [[Howard DeVore]] -- ''[[Grandfather Stories]]''
 
* [[Howard DeVore]] -- ''[[Grandfather Stories]]''
 
* [[Saul Diskin]] -- ''[[Irusaben]]''
 
* [[Saul Diskin]] -- ''[[Irusaben]]''
 +
* [[Paul Doerr]] -- ''[[Trove]]''
 
* [[Bill Donaho]] -- ''[[ASP]]'', ''[[How We Won]]''
 
* [[Bill Donaho]] -- ''[[ASP]]'', ''[[How We Won]]''
 
* [[Royal Drummond]] -- ''[[Duckspeak]]''
 
* [[Royal Drummond]] -- ''[[Duckspeak]]''
 +
* [[Walt Dunkelberger]] -- ''[[Mag Without a Name]]''
 
* [[Sally Dunn]] -- ''[[Driftwood]]''
 
* [[Sally Dunn]] -- ''[[Driftwood]]''
 
* [[Lee B. Eastman]] -- ''[[Last Testament]]''
 
* [[Lee B. Eastman]] -- ''[[Last Testament]]''
Line 120: Line 218:
 
* [[Phyllis Aitch Economou]] -- ''[[Phlotsam]]''
 
* [[Phyllis Aitch Economou]] -- ''[[Phlotsam]]''
 
* [[Leigh Edmonds]] -- ''[[Rataplan]]''
 
* [[Leigh Edmonds]] -- ''[[Rataplan]]''
 +
* [[Janice Eisen]] -- ''[[Faceless Bureaucrat]]'', ''[[Faceless Ex-Bureaucrat]]'', ''[[Electric City Express]]''
 
* [[Gordon Eklund]] -- ''[[Sweet Jane]]'', ''[[Rubber Frog]]''
 
* [[Gordon Eklund]] -- ''[[Sweet Jane]]'', ''[[Rubber Frog]]''
 
* [[Ron Ellik]] -- ''[[Fafhrd]]''
 
* [[Ron Ellik]] -- ''[[Fafhrd]]''
Line 125: Line 224:
 
* [[Pat Ellington]] -- ''[[Kim Chi]]''
 
* [[Pat Ellington]] -- ''[[Kim Chi]]''
 
* [[Dick Eney]] -- ''[[Target: FAPA]]'', ''[[It's Eney's Fault!]]'', ''[[Stupefying Stories]]'', ''[[Nudity (Eney)]]'', ''[[Snake Pit]]'', ''[[Target of Opportunity]]''
 
* [[Dick Eney]] -- ''[[Target: FAPA]]'', ''[[It's Eney's Fault!]]'', ''[[Stupefying Stories]]'', ''[[Nudity (Eney)]]'', ''[[Snake Pit]]'', ''[[Target of Opportunity]]''
* [[Ahrvid Engholm]] -- ''[[Multum Est]]''
+
* [[Ahrvid Engholm]] -- ''[[Multum Est]]'', ''[[Eronews]]'', ''[[Sweden 85]]'', ''[[Swede Ishes]]''
 
* [[Bill Evans]] -- ''[[Evans-Pavlat Fanzine Index]]'', ''[[Fungi from Yuggoth]]'', ''[[Celephais]]''
 
* [[Bill Evans]] -- ''[[Evans-Pavlat Fanzine Index]]'', ''[[Fungi from Yuggoth]]'', ''[[Celephais]]''
 
* [[Earl Evans]] -- ''[[Fapazeen]]''
 
* [[Earl Evans]] -- ''[[Fapazeen]]''
 
* [[E. Everett Evans]] -- ''[[A Tour]]'', ''[[A Tale of the 'Evans]]''
 
* [[E. Everett Evans]] -- ''[[A Tour]]'', ''[[A Tale of the 'Evans]]''
* [[R. Alain Everts]] --
+
* [[R. Alain Everts]] --''[[Lovecraft's Daughter]]'', ''[[Edgar Hoffman Price (Everts)]]'', ''[[Clark Ashton Smith (Everts)]]''
 
* [[Kenneth Faig]] -- ''[[Tekeli-Li]]''
 
* [[Kenneth Faig]] -- ''[[Tekeli-Li]]''
 
* [[Nic Farey]] -- ''[[Singsing]]''
 
* [[Nic Farey]] -- ''[[Singsing]]''
Line 136: Line 235:
 
* [[Tom Feller]] -- ''[[The Road Warrior]]''
 
* [[Tom Feller]] -- ''[[The Road Warrior]]''
 
* [[Mike Fern]] -- ''[[Fan Slants]]'', ''[[Eccentric's Orbit]]''
 
* [[Mike Fern]] -- ''[[Fan Slants]]'', ''[[Eccentric's Orbit]]''
* [[Ken Forman]] --
+
* [[Ken Forman]]
 
* [[Joe Fortier]] -- ''[[Scientifan]]''
 
* [[Joe Fortier]] -- ''[[Scientifan]]''
 +
* [[John Foyster]] -- ''[[Notes on a Son and Brother]]'', ''[[Candiru]]'', ''[[Where are You Going, Where Have You Been]]'', ''[[The Day I had Gout and Other Stories and Other Stories]]''
 +
* [[Erica Frank]]
 
* [[Paul Freehafer]] -- ''[[The Letters of Henry S. Whitehead]]''
 
* [[Paul Freehafer]] -- ''[[The Letters of Henry S. Whitehead]]''
 
* [[Chris Garcia]] -- ''[[Claims Department]]''
 
* [[Chris Garcia]] -- ''[[Claims Department]]''
* [[Richard E. Geis]] -- ''[[Richard E. Geis]]'', ''[[Science Fiction Review|Psychotic 2]]''
+
* [[Richard E. Geis]] -- ''[[Richard E. Geis]]'', ''[[Science Fiction Review (Geis)|Psychotic 2]]''
 
* [[Janice Gelb]] -- ''[[Vu Ja De]]''
 
* [[Janice Gelb]] -- ''[[Vu Ja De]]''
 +
* [[Ron Gemmell]] -- ''[[High Rates Drifter ]]''
 +
* [[Bill George]] -- ''[[The Whether Report]]''
 
* [[John L. Gergen]] -- ''[[Mutant (Gergen)]]''
 
* [[John L. Gergen]] -- ''[[Mutant (Gergen)]]''
 
* [[Joseph Gilbert]] -- ''[[Sound Off!]]''
 
* [[Joseph Gilbert]] -- ''[[Sound Off!]]''
 +
* [[Bruce Gillespie]] -- ''[[Dreams and False Alarms]]''
 +
* [[Dian Girard]] -- ''[[Cacoethes]]''
 
* [[Mike Glicksohn]] -- ''[[Xenium]]''
 
* [[Mike Glicksohn]] -- ''[[Xenium]]''
* [[Jenny Glover]] --
+
* [[Jenny Glover]]
* [[Steve Glover]] --
+
* [[Steve Glover]]
* [[Mike Glyer]] --
+
* [[Mike Glyer]]
 
* [[Seth Goldberg]] -- ''[[Hawai'i]]''
 
* [[Seth Goldberg]] -- ''[[Hawai'i]]''
* [[Dan Goodman]] --
+
* [[M. E. Goldhammer]] -- ''[[The Smurf Bashers' Gazette]]''
* [[Ann Green]] --
+
* [[Dan Goodman]]
 +
* [[Ann Green]]
 
* [[Steve Green]] -- ''[[Slave Girls of FAPA]]'', ''[[Cyfddydd]]'', ''[[Free Radical]]''
 
* [[Steve Green]] -- ''[[Slave Girls of FAPA]]'', ''[[Cyfddydd]]'', ''[[Free Radical]]''
* [[Dean Grennell]] -- ''[[Grue]]'', ''[[Le Gruesome Zombie]]''
+
* [[Dean Grennell]] -- ''[[Grue]]'', ''[[Le Gruesome Zombie]]'', ''[[Bleen]]'', ''[[Binx]]''
 +
* [[Patrick Hayden]] -- ''[[Ecce Fanno]]''
 
* [[Chuck Hansen]] -- ''[[Damballa]]''
 
* [[Chuck Hansen]] -- ''[[Damballa]]''
 
* [[Rob Hansen]] -- ''[[Licks]]''
 
* [[Rob Hansen]] -- ''[[Licks]]''
 
* [[Phil Harrell]] -- ''[[Vorpal Dragon]]''
 
* [[Phil Harrell]] -- ''[[Vorpal Dragon]]''
 
* [[Chuck Harris]] -- ''[[Chux Own]]'', ''[[It's Tycho's Floor in '54]]'', ''[[Off the Cuff For Gertrude]]'', ''[[This Goon for Hire]]''
 
* [[Chuck Harris]] -- ''[[Chux Own]]'', ''[[It's Tycho's Floor in '54]]'', ''[[Off the Cuff For Gertrude]]'', ''[[This Goon for Hire]]''
* [[Dale Hart]] -- ''[[FAPA Flypaper]]''
+
* [[Dale Hart]] -- ''[[FAPA Flypaper]]'', ''[[Ichor]]''
 
* [[Rusty Hevelin]] -- ''[[H-1661]]'', ''[[Laundry Mark]]''
 
* [[Rusty Hevelin]] -- ''[[H-1661]]'', ''[[Laundry Mark]]''
* [[Arthur D. Hlavaty]] -- ''[[Nice Distinctions]]'', ''[[Disinformation]]''
+
* [[Rosemary Hickey]] -- ''[[Cognate FAPA]]'', ''[[The Next Best Feeling to Being in Love is Being Hired]]''
* [[Lee Hoffman]] -- ''[[Self Preservation]]'', ''[[Tangent]]'', ''[[Laundry]]'', ''[[Fan History]]'', ''[[Fantasy Jackass]]'', ''[[Chooog]]'', ''[[Cutty Fapazine]]'', ''[[The Inadequate Time Machine]]''
+
* [[Lynn Hickman]] -- ''[[Bullfrog Bugle]]''
 +
* [[Arthur D. Hlavaty]] -- ''[[Nice Distinctions]]'', ''[[Disinformation]]'', ''[[The Dillinger Relic]]'', ''[[Lines of Occurrence]]'', ''[[The Discordian/Neo-Platonic Wedding]]'', ''[[Teller Story]]'', ''[[Scrapbook]]'', ''[[A Small Tasteful Announcement]]''
 +
* [[Lee Hoffman]] -- ''[[Self Preservation]]'', ''[[Tangent]]'', ''[[Laundry]]'', ''[[Fan History]]'', ''[[Fantasy Jackass]]'', ''[[Chooog]]'', ''[[Cutty Fapazine]]'', ''[[The Inadequate Time Machine]]'', ''[[Project Report 1]]''
 
* [[Harry Honig]] -- ''[[Arcadia]]''
 
* [[Harry Honig]] -- ''[[Arcadia]]''
 
* [[Mike Horvat]] -- ''[[Curmudgeon]]''
 
* [[Mike Horvat]] -- ''[[Curmudgeon]]''
 +
* [[Cathy Howard]] --''[[The Brass Potato]]''
 
* [[Terry Hughes]] -- ''[[Seeds & Stems]]''
 
* [[Terry Hughes]] -- ''[[Seeds & Stems]]''
* [[Dave Hulan]] -- ''[[Why Bother?]]'', ''[[Loki]]''
+
* [[Dave Hulan]] -- ''[[Why Bother?]]'', ''[[Loki]]'', ''[[Pelf]]'', ''[[David Hulan]]''
 
* [[Fred Hurter]] -- ''[[Censored]]''
 
* [[Fred Hurter]] -- ''[[Censored]]''
* [[Ben Indick]] -- ''[[Ben's Beat]]''
+
* [[Ben Indick]] -- ''[[Ben's Beat]]'', ''[[Reports on Some Hubbardiana]]''
 
* [[Lee Jacobs]] -- ''[[Orgasm]]''
 
* [[Lee Jacobs]] -- ''[[Orgasm]]''
 
* [[Terry Jeeves]] -- ''[[Erg]]''
 
* [[Terry Jeeves]] -- ''[[Erg]]''
 
* [[Harry Jenkins, Jr.]] -- ''[[Jinx]]''
 
* [[Harry Jenkins, Jr.]] -- ''[[Jinx]]''
 +
* [[Tom Jewett]] -- ''[[Faparition]]''
 
* [[Ted Johnstone]] -- ''[[Persian Slipper]]''
 
* [[Ted Johnstone]] -- ''[[Persian Slipper]]''
 
* [[Bob B. Jones]] -- ''[[Pegasus]]''
 
* [[Bob B. Jones]] -- ''[[Pegasus]]''
* [[Joyce Worley Katz]] -- ''[[Western Romance]]''
+
* [[Arnie Katz]] -- ''[[Tandem]]''
 +
* [[Joyce Worley Katz]] -- ''[[Western Romance]]'', ''[[Tandem]]''
 +
* [[W. Max Keasler]] -- ''[[Al la Baboom]]''
 
* [[Earl Kemp]] -- ''[[SaFari]]''
 
* [[Earl Kemp]] -- ''[[SaFari]]''
 
* [[Joe Kennedy]] -- ''[[Grulzak]]''
 
* [[Joe Kennedy]] -- ''[[Grulzak]]''
Line 181: Line 294:
 
* [[Louis Kuslan]] -- ''[[FAPA Review]]'', ''[[Nucleus]]''
 
* [[Louis Kuslan]] -- ''[[FAPA Review]]'', ''[[Nucleus]]''
 
* [[Trudy Kuslan]] -- ''[[FAPA Review]]'', ''[[Nucleus]]''
 
* [[Trudy Kuslan]] -- ''[[FAPA Review]]'', ''[[Nucleus]]''
 +
* [[Gary Labowitz]] -- ''[[This Way Out]]''
 
* [[F. Towner Laney]] -- ''[[Fan Dango]]'', ''[[Ah! Sweet Idiocy!]]'', ''[[Venus-Con]]''
 
* [[F. Towner Laney]] -- ''[[Fan Dango]]'', ''[[Ah! Sweet Idiocy!]]'', ''[[Venus-Con]]''
 
* [[Dave Langford]] -- ''[[Cloud Chamber]]''
 
* [[Dave Langford]] -- ''[[Cloud Chamber]]''
 +
* [[Anita Lapidus]] -- ''[[3-5-0-0]]''
 +
* [[Jerry Lapidus]] -- ''[[Day by Day]]'', ''[[3-5-0-0]]''
 
* [[Bob Leman]] -- ''[[Vinegar Worm]]''
 
* [[Bob Leman]] -- ''[[Vinegar Worm]]''
 
* [[Fred Lerner]] -- ''[[Lofgeornost]]''
 
* [[Fred Lerner]] -- ''[[Lofgeornost]]''
* [[Al Lewis]] -- ''[[A Statement of Posture]]''
+
* [[Al Lewis]] -- ''[[A Statement of Posture]]'', ''[[Why Not]]''
 
* [[Alan J. Lewis]] -- ''[[A Fanzine for Now]]'', ''[[Iconoclastic Quarterly]]''
 
* [[Alan J. Lewis]] -- ''[[A Fanzine for Now]]'', ''[[Iconoclastic Quarterly]]''
 
* [[Robert Lichtman]] -- ''[[Psi Phi (Lichtman)]]'', ''[[King Biscuit Time]]'', ''[[Not Ready for Prime Time Fapazine]]'', ''[[Night-Dreams and Daymares]]''
 
* [[Robert Lichtman]] -- ''[[Psi Phi (Lichtman)]]'', ''[[King Biscuit Time]]'', ''[[Not Ready for Prime Time Fapazine]]'', ''[[Night-Dreams and Daymares]]''
 
* [[Walt Liebscher]] -- ''[[Three Fingers]]'', ''[[Mutant (Liebscher)]]''
 
* [[Walt Liebscher]] -- ''[[Three Fingers]]'', ''[[Mutant (Liebscher)]]''
 +
* [[Guy Lillian]] -- ''[[Vainomoinen]]''
 
* [[Eric Lindsay]] -- ''[[Gegenschein]]''
 
* [[Eric Lindsay]] -- ''[[Gegenschein]]''
 
* [[Ethel Lindsay]] -- ''[[Bletherings]]''
 
* [[Ethel Lindsay]] -- ''[[Bletherings]]''
* [[Dave Locke]] --
+
* [[Dave Locke]] -- ''[[Slow Djinn]]''
 
* [[Robert Lowndes]] -- ''[[Agenbite of Inwit]]'', ''[[The Futurian Review]]'', ''[[Vagabondia]]''
 
* [[Robert Lowndes]] -- ''[[Agenbite of Inwit]]'', ''[[The Futurian Review]]'', ''[[Vagabondia]]''
 
* [[Dick Lupoff]] -- ''[[Horib]]''
 
* [[Dick Lupoff]] -- ''[[Horib]]''
 
* [[Pat Lupoff]] -- ''[[Horib]]''
 
* [[Pat Lupoff]] -- ''[[Horib]]''
 +
* [[Hank Luttrell]] -- ''[[Starling]]''
 +
* [[Lesleigh Luttrell]] -- ''[[Starling]]''
 
* [[Andy Lyon]] -- ''[[Fanomena]]''
 
* [[Andy Lyon]] -- ''[[Fanomena]]''
* [[Howard Lyons]] -- ''[[Abject Apology]]'', ''[[Ibidem]]''
+
* [[Howard Lyons]] -- ''[[Abject Apology]]'', ''[[Ibidem]]'', ''[[Travelling Midget]]''
 
* [[Bob Madle]] -- ''[[The Meteor]]''
 
* [[Bob Madle]] -- ''[[The Meteor]]''
 
* [[Mark Manning]] -- ''[[Jupiter Jump]]''
 
* [[Mark Manning]] -- ''[[Jupiter Jump]]''
 
* [[W. E. Marconette]] -- ''[[Incredible]]''
 
* [[W. E. Marconette]] -- ''[[Incredible]]''
 +
* [[Gideon Marcus]] -- ''[[FAPA Fanac]]''
 
* [[Tim Marion]] -- ''[[Terminal Eyes]]'', ''[[The Curse of Cthulhu]]'', ''[[Mumble Gutter]]'', ''[[Here Come the Hardy Boys]]''
 
* [[Tim Marion]] -- ''[[Terminal Eyes]]'', ''[[The Curse of Cthulhu]]'', ''[[Mumble Gutter]]'', ''[[Here Come the Hardy Boys]]''
 
* [[Mark Manning]] -- ''[[Ashe]]''
 
* [[Mark Manning]] -- ''[[Ashe]]''
 
* [[Don Markstein]] -- ''[[Philistine Quarterly]]''
 
* [[Don Markstein]] -- ''[[Philistine Quarterly]]''
 
* [[Edgar Allan Martin]] -- ''[[BOBLIQUEP]]''
 
* [[Edgar Allan Martin]] -- ''[[BOBLIQUEP]]''
 +
* [[Charles Martinez]]
 
* [[Sam Martinez]] -- ''[[Sambo]]'', ''[[Shadowland]]''
 
* [[Sam Martinez]] -- ''[[Sambo]]'', ''[[Shadowland]]''
 
* [[Mike McInerney]] -- ''[[Number One]]''
 
* [[Mike McInerney]] -- ''[[Number One]]''
* [[Dan McPhail]] -- ''[[Phantasy Press]]''
+
* [[Dan McPhail]] -- ''[[Phantasy Press]]'', ''[[Phantasy Press|Phantasy Press Memorial Issue]]''
* [[Norm Metcalf]] -- ''[[Devil's Work]]'', ''[[CAC]]''
+
* [[Norm Metcalf]] -- ''[[Devil's Work]]'', ''[[CAC]]'', ''[[Hasta La Vista, Chuck]]''
 
* [[Judith Merril]] -- ''[[Science*Fiction]]''
 
* [[Judith Merril]] -- ''[[Science*Fiction]]''
 
* [[John Michel]] -- ''[[The Futurian Review]]'', ''[[The Works (Michel)]]''
 
* [[John Michel]] -- ''[[The Futurian Review]]'', ''[[The Works (Michel)]]''
 
* [[Franz Miklis]] -- ''[[Galacto-Celtic Newsflash]]''
 
* [[Franz Miklis]] -- ''[[Galacto-Celtic Newsflash]]''
 +
* [[Don Miller]] -- ''[[Son of the WSFA Journal]]''
 
* [[J. Chapman Miske]] -- ''[[Chaos]]''
 
* [[J. Chapman Miske]] -- ''[[Chaos]]''
 
* [[Len Moffatt]] -- ''[[Moonshine]]'', ''[[The JDM Bibliophile]]''
 
* [[Len Moffatt]] -- ''[[Moonshine]]'', ''[[The JDM Bibliophile]]''
* [[June Moffatt]] -- ''[[Moonshine]]'', ''[[The JDM Bibliophile]]''
+
* [[June Moffatt]] -- ''[[Moonshine]]'', ''[[The JDM Bibliophile]]'', ''[[Heat Wave Minac]]''
 +
* [[Janice Morningstar]] -- ''[[Nothin’ says Lovin’ Like Somethin’ in the Oven]]''
 
* [[Murray Moore]] -- ''[[Green Stuff]]'', ''[[Harry Warner Jr, Fan of Letters]]''
 
* [[Murray Moore]] -- ''[[Green Stuff]]'', ''[[Harry Warner Jr, Fan of Letters]]''
 
* [[Morojo]] -- ''[[Guteto]]''
 
* [[Morojo]] -- ''[[Guteto]]''
 +
* [[Louis Morra]] -- ''[[Cosmic Fetuses Quarterly]]'', ''[[One Plus One Equals One]]'', ''[[Wallowing in FAPA]]''
 
* [[Bill Morse]] -- ''[[Bull Moose]]'', ''[[To Wm. Danner Esq]]''
 
* [[Bill Morse]] -- ''[[Bull Moose]]'', ''[[To Wm. Danner Esq]]''
 
* [[Sam Moskowitz]] -- ''[[A Canticle for P. Schuyler Miller]]'', ''[[Different]]''
 
* [[Sam Moskowitz]] -- ''[[A Canticle for P. Schuyler Miller]]'', ''[[Different]]''
* [[Ray Faraday Nelson]] -- ''[[Big Cat]]''
+
* [[Joe Moudry]] --''[[The Reader and Accumulator]]'', ''[[The Unteleported Fan]]'', ''[[Electronic Isaac]]'', ''[[Chronicles of the Czech Navy]]''
 +
* [[Ray Faraday Nelson]] -- ''[[Big Cat]]'', ''[[Beauty and the Beast]]''
 
* [[Michael O'Brien]] -- ''[[Ultimate South]]''
 
* [[Michael O'Brien]] -- ''[[Ultimate South]]''
 
* [[Steve Ogden]] & [[Vicki Ogden]] -- ''[[Edgar's Journal]]''
 
* [[Steve Ogden]] & [[Vicki Ogden]] -- ''[[Edgar's Journal]]''
 +
* [[Marc Ortlieb]] -- ''[[Dormouse]]''
 
* [[Fred Patten]] -- ''[[Vukat]]'', ''[[Great Art Should Never Be Mushed Up]]''
 
* [[Fred Patten]] -- ''[[Vukat]]'', ''[[Great Art Should Never Be Mushed Up]]''
 +
* [[Bill Patterson]] -- ''[[Hors Commerce]]''
 
* [[Bob Pavlat]] -- ''[[Bobolings]]'', ''[[Evans-Pavlat Fanzine Index]]'', ''[[Contour]]'', ''[[The Shaw Retort]]''
 
* [[Bob Pavlat]] -- ''[[Bobolings]]'', ''[[Evans-Pavlat Fanzine Index]]'', ''[[Contour]]'', ''[[The Shaw Retort]]''
 +
* [[Peggy Rae Pavlat]] -- ''[[Of Cabbages and Kings and Baby Turtles]]'', ''[[Of Members and 'Zines and Egoboo Polls]]'', ''[[Adventures on Earth]]''
 +
* [[Eunice Pearson]] -- ''[[Novaya Zemlya]]'', ''[[Slithy Toves (Pearson)]]''
 
* [[Bruce Pelz]] -- ''[[Ankus]]'', ''[[The Drinking Readers Entropic Gaming Society of Los Angeles Fandom]]''
 
* [[Bruce Pelz]] -- ''[[Ankus]]'', ''[[The Drinking Readers Entropic Gaming Society of Los Angeles Fandom]]''
* [[Elmer Perdue]] -- ''[[Myrtle Rebecca Douglas: An Appreciation]]'', ''[[Elmurmurings]]'', ''[[520 07 0328]]'', ''[[FAPA Blotter]]'', ''[[War in Heaven]]''
+
* [[Elmer Perdue]] -- ''[[Myrtle Rebecca Douglas: An Appreciation]]'', ''[[Elmurmurings]]'', ''[[520 07 0328]]'', ''[[FAPA Blotter]], [[FAPAzine (Perdue)|FAPAzine]]'', ''[[War in Heaven]]''
* [[Boff Perry]] --
+
* [[Boff Perry]] -- ''[[Cygni]]''
 +
* [[Tom Perry]] -- ''[[No Award (Perry)]]'', ''[[First Draft (Perry)]]'', ''[[Back Porch]]'', ''[[Questying Party]]''
 
* [[Otto Pfeifer]] -- ''[[Nov Shmoz Ka Pop]]''
 
* [[Otto Pfeifer]] -- ''[[Nov Shmoz Ka Pop]]''
* [[Curt Phillips]] --
+
* [[Curt Phillips]]
 
* [[Andy Porter]] -- ''[[Twentieth Century Unlimited]]''
 
* [[Andy Porter]] -- ''[[Twentieth Century Unlimited]]''
* [[D. Potter]] --
+
* [[D. Potter]]
* [[Bernard Quinn]] --
+
* [[Peter Presford]]
 +
* [[Bernard Quinn]]
 
* [[Art Rapp]] -- ''[[Mindwarp]]''
 
* [[Art Rapp]] -- ''[[Mindwarp]]''
 
* [[Nancy Rapp]] -- ''[[Torrents]]'', ''[[Ignatz]]''
 
* [[Nancy Rapp]] -- ''[[Torrents]]'', ''[[Ignatz]]''
* [[Boyd Raeburn]] -- ''[[Le Moindre]]'', ''[[More Stuff for FAPA]]'', ''[[The Yngwie J. Malmsteed Story]]''
+
* [[Boyd Raeburn]] -- ''[[Le Moindre]]'', ''[[More Stuff for FAPA]]'', ''[[The Yngwie J. Malmsteed Story]]'', ''[[Chimay Chimay Ko Ko Bop]]'', ''[[Dr. Cheese and the Cake Lady]]''
 
* [[Mark Reinsberg]] -- ''[[Midwest Marky]]''
 
* [[Mark Reinsberg]] -- ''[[Midwest Marky]]''
* [[Mark W. Richards]] --
+
* [[Mark W. Richards]]
* [[Peter Roberts]] --
+
* [[Bruce Robbins]] -- ''[[Paradox (Robbins)]]''
 +
* [[Peter Roberts]]
 +
* [[Bob Rodgers]] -- ''[[Advocatus Diaboli]]'', ''[[The Bob]]''
 
* [[Alva Rogers]] -- ''[[Bixel]]''
 
* [[Alva Rogers]] -- ''[[Bixel]]''
 
* [[J. Michael Rosenblum]] -- ''[[Browsing]]''
 
* [[J. Michael Rosenblum]] -- ''[[Browsing]]''
 
* [[Milton Rothman]] -- ''[[Milty's Mag]]'', ''[[Plenum]]'', ''[[War in Heaven]]''
 
* [[Milton Rothman]] -- ''[[Milty's Mag]]'', ''[[Plenum]]'', ''[[War in Heaven]]''
 
* [[Bill Rotsler]] -- ''[[Masque]]'', ''[[Tapebook]]'', ''[[A Fanzine for FAPA]]'', ''[[Disturbing Element]]'', ''[[Homage a' Burbee]]''
 
* [[Bill Rotsler]] -- ''[[Masque]]'', ''[[Tapebook]]'', ''[[A Fanzine for FAPA]]'', ''[[Disturbing Element]]'', ''[[Homage a' Burbee]]''
* [[Mary Russell]] -- ''[[Pogorus]]''
+
* [[Heath Row]]
 +
* [[Robert Runte]] -- ''[[Neogensis]]'', ''[[Are You Talking to Me?]]''
 
* [[Samuel D. Russell]] --''[[Have at Thee Knanves]]'', ''[[Science-Fiction Goo]]'', ''[[Decimal Classification of Fantastic Fiction]]'', ''[[Fantasy Critic]]'', ''[[Eight Pages]]''
 
* [[Samuel D. Russell]] --''[[Have at Thee Knanves]]'', ''[[Science-Fiction Goo]]'', ''[[Decimal Classification of Fantastic Fiction]]'', ''[[Fantasy Critic]]'', ''[[Eight Pages]]''
 
* [[Oliver Saari]] - ''[[STF Comment]]'', ''[[So Saari]]''
 
* [[Oliver Saari]] - ''[[STF Comment]]'', ''[[So Saari]]''
 +
* [[Ron Saloman]]
 
* [[Joe Sanders]] -- ''[[Somewhatly]]''
 
* [[Joe Sanders]] -- ''[[Somewhatly]]''
 
* [[H. P. Sanderson]] -- ''[[H. P. Sanderson]]''
 
* [[H. P. Sanderson]] -- ''[[H. P. Sanderson]]''
Line 249: Line 384:
 
* [[Ray Schaffer]] -- ''[[All That There Jazz]]''
 
* [[Ray Schaffer]] -- ''[[All That There Jazz]]''
 
* [[Joe Schaumburger]] -- ''[[The New Loxygen]]''
 
* [[Joe Schaumburger]] -- ''[[The New Loxygen]]''
 +
* [[Vanessa Schnatmeier]] -- ''[[Say the Name]]'', ''[[The Bovo No-No]]''
 
* [[Dick Schultz]] -- ''[[Die Schmetterling]]''
 
* [[Dick Schultz]] -- ''[[Die Schmetterling]]''
* [[Sudsy Schwartz]] -- ''[[Ceres]]'', ''[[AAGH!]]''
+
* [[Suddsy Schwartz]] -- ''[[Ceres]]'', ''[[AAGH!]]''
 +
* [[Liz Schwarzin]] -- ''[[Fantod]]''
 +
* [[Joyce Scrivner]]
 
* [[Langley Searles]] -- ''[[The Annex]]'', ''[[Devil Take the Hindmost]]''
 
* [[Langley Searles]] -- ''[[The Annex]]'', ''[[Devil Take the Hindmost]]''
 
* [[Bob Shaw]] -- ''[[Fen Crittur Comical Books]]''
 
* [[Bob Shaw]] -- ''[[Fen Crittur Comical Books]]''
Line 256: Line 394:
 
* [[Larry Shaw]] -- ''[[Caliban]]'', ''[[Banshee]]'', ''[[FAPA Index]]'', ''[[Ice Age]]'', ''[[Science*Fiction]]'', ''[[The Unknown Madman]]'', ''[[Claude Degler and the FAPA]]'', ''[[Laundry]]'', ''[[The Shaw Retort]]'', ''[[The Steff Nyaa-aa-a!!]]'', ''[[Cruise of the "Foo Foo Special Jr."]]'', ''[[FAPA Index (Mailings 1-28)]]''
 
* [[Larry Shaw]] -- ''[[Caliban]]'', ''[[Banshee]]'', ''[[FAPA Index]]'', ''[[Ice Age]]'', ''[[Science*Fiction]]'', ''[[The Unknown Madman]]'', ''[[Claude Degler and the FAPA]]'', ''[[Laundry]]'', ''[[The Shaw Retort]]'', ''[[The Steff Nyaa-aa-a!!]]'', ''[[Cruise of the "Foo Foo Special Jr."]]'', ''[[FAPA Index (Mailings 1-28)]]''
 
* [[Noreen Shaw]] -- ''[[Ice Age]]''
 
* [[Noreen Shaw]] -- ''[[Ice Age]]''
 +
* [[Joe Siclari]] -- ''[[Chronicle of Fandom]]''
 
* [[Robert Silverberg]] -- ''[[Snickersnee]]'', ''[[Spaceship]]'', ''[[Irusaben]]'', ''[[Fapathy]]''
 
* [[Robert Silverberg]] -- ''[[Snickersnee]]'', ''[[Spaceship]]'', ''[[Irusaben]]'', ''[[Fapathy]]''
 +
* [[Roger Sjolander]] -- ''[[Bosh]]''
 
* [[Ken Slater]] -- ''[[Matter of No Moment]]'', ''[[Consomme]]'', ''[[It's Tycho's Floor in '54]]'', ''[[Twin Set]]''
 
* [[Ken Slater]] -- ''[[Matter of No Moment]]'', ''[[Consomme]]'', ''[[It's Tycho's Floor in '54]]'', ''[[Twin Set]]''
 +
* [[Dick Smith]]
 
* [[Fred Smith]] -- ''[[Haemogoblin]]''
 
* [[Fred Smith]] -- ''[[Haemogoblin]]''
 
* [[Rick Sneary]] -- ''[[Moonshine]]'', ''[[Spiane]]''
 
* [[Rick Sneary]] -- ''[[Moonshine]]'', ''[[Spiane]]''
* [[Jack Speer]] -- ''[[Synapse]]'', ''[[Matters of Opinion]]'', ''[[Ramblings]]'', ''[[Sustaining Program]]'', ''[[Full Length Articles]]'', ''[[Science Fiction Forum]]'', ''[[Black and White]]'', ''[[The Cosmic Circle & Fandom]]'', ''[[Decimal Classification for Fantasy Fiction]]'', ''[[Investigation in Newcastle]]'', ''[[Konan]]'', ''[[Please Lay This Aside]]'', ''[[To Relive Ten Years!]]'', ''[[A (Speer)]]'', ''[[War in Heaven]]''
+
* [[Jack Speer]] -- ''[[Synapse]]'', ''[[Matters of Opinion]]'', ''[[Ramblings]]'', ''[[Sustaining Program]]'', ''[[Full Length Articles]]'', ''[[Science Fiction Forum]]'', ''[[Black and White]]'', ''[[The Cosmic Circle & Fandom]]'', ''[[Decimal Classification for Fantasy Fiction]]'', ''[[Investigation in Newcastle]]'', ''[[Konan]]'', ''[[Please Lay This Aside]]'', ''[[To Relive Ten Years!]]'', ''[[A (Speer)]]'', ''[[War in Heaven]]'', ''[[Apostrophe]]'', ''[[Period]]''
 
* [[Dale Speirs]] -- ''[[Sanseveria]]''
 
* [[Dale Speirs]] -- ''[[Sanseveria]]''
 
* [[Paul Spencer]] -- ''[[Jabberwocky]]'', ''[[Janus (Spencer)]]''
 
* [[Paul Spencer]] -- ''[[Jabberwocky]]'', ''[[Janus (Spencer)]]''
Line 268: Line 409:
 
* [[Bo Stenfors]] -- ''[[Sexy Venus Anew]]''
 
* [[Bo Stenfors]] -- ''[[Sexy Venus Anew]]''
 
* [[Milt Stevens]] -- ''[[Alphabet Soup]]'', ''[[Passing Parade]]'', ''[[Opus (Stevens)]]''
 
* [[Milt Stevens]] -- ''[[Alphabet Soup]]'', ''[[Passing Parade]]'', ''[[Opus (Stevens)]]''
* [[Steve Stiles]] -- ''[[SAM]]'', ''[[Omaha]]''
+
* [[Steve Stiles]] -- ''[[SAM]]'', ''[[Omaha]]'', ''[[Skiffle]]''
* [[Graham Stone]] -- ''[[Past, Present & Future]]''
+
* [[Graham Stone]] -- ''[[Past, Present & Future]]'', ''[[Science Fiction News]]'', ''[[Some Comments on Matters Raised Recently in FAPA]]'', ''[[Proposal for Special Rule Under Section IX of the FAPA Constitution]]''
 +
* [[Joni Stopa]]
 
* [[R. D. Swisher]] and [[F. N. Swisher]] -- ''[[A (Swisher)]]'', ''[[S. F. Checklist]]''
 
* [[R. D. Swisher]] and [[F. N. Swisher]] -- ''[[A (Swisher)]]'', ''[[S. F. Checklist]]''
* [[Roy Tackett]] -- ''[[Dynatron]]''
+
* [[Roy Tackett]] -- ''[[Dynatron]]'', ''[[Hort's Fapacom]]'', ''[[Notes from Arinam]]''
 
* [[Donald B. Thompson]] -- ''[[Phanny]]'', ''[[Phanteur]]''
 
* [[Donald B. Thompson]] -- ''[[Phanny]]'', ''[[Phanteur]]''
 
* [[Don C. Thompson]] -- ''[[Don-O-Saur]]'', ''[[Rim-i-nes-cent]]'', ''[[Ballast]]''
 
* [[Don C. Thompson]] -- ''[[Don-O-Saur]]'', ''[[Rim-i-nes-cent]]'', ''[[Ballast]]''
 +
* [[Maggie Thompson]] -- ''[[Ballast]]''
 +
* [[Gregg Trend]] -- ''[[Trend'Art]]'', ''[[Trending]]''
 +
* [[Oswald Train]] -- ''[[The Fantasy Collector]]''
 
* [[Bjo Trimble]] -- ''[[A Sales Pitch to Convince FAPA to Sponsor an Art Show]]'', ''[[Where Are All the Red Hot Shutter Bugs?]]'', ''[[Melange]]''
 
* [[Bjo Trimble]] -- ''[[A Sales Pitch to Convince FAPA to Sponsor an Art Show]]'', ''[[Where Are All the Red Hot Shutter Bugs?]]'', ''[[Melange]]''
* [[John Trimble]] -- ''[[Amis]]'', ''[[A Fanzine for FAPA]]'', ''[[Where Are All the Red Hot Shutter Bugs?]]'', ''[[Amblesnyde & Tiddleycover R. R. Gazette]]'', ''[[Melange]]''
+
* [[John Trimble]] -- ''[[Amis]]'', ''[[A Fanzine for FAPA]]'', ''[[Where Are All the Red Hot Shutter Bugs?]]'', ''[[Amblesnyde & Tiddleycover R. R. Gazette]]'', ''[[Melange]]'', ''[[Beauty and the Beast]]''
* [[Bob Tucker]] -- ''[[Sci-Fic Variety]]'', ''[[Jack Speer -- Elder God]]'', ''[[Le Gruesome Zombie]]'', ''[[Pong Is a Four-Letter Word]]'', ''[[Science-Fiction Fifty Yearly]]'', ''[[Three Fingers]]'', ''[[BT]]'', ''[[Fantasy Jackass]]'', ''[[Fanzine Service for Fans in Service]]''
+
* [[Bob Tucker]] -- ''[[Sci-Fic Variety]]'', ''[[Jack Speer -- Elder God]]'', ''[[Le Gruesome Zombie]]'', ''[[Pong Is a Four-Letter Word]]'', ''[[Science-Fiction Fifty Yearly]]'', ''[[Three Fingers]]'', ''[[BT]]'', ''[[Fantasy Jackass]]'', ''[[Fanzine Service for Fans in Service]]'', ''[[Chapter Play]]''
 
* [[R. Laurraine Tutihasi]] -- ''[[Feline Mewsings]]''
 
* [[R. Laurraine Tutihasi]] -- ''[[Feline Mewsings]]''
 
* [[Victoria Vayne]] -- ''[[Non Sequitur]]''
 
* [[Victoria Vayne]] -- ''[[Non Sequitur]]''
 
* [[Shelby Vick]] -- ''[[Egad!]]'', ''[[Lesser Feats]]'', ''[[Hyphen Tribute Thumbnail]]''
 
* [[Shelby Vick]] -- ''[[Egad!]]'', ''[[Lesser Feats]]'', ''[[Hyphen Tribute Thumbnail]]''
 
* [[Michael W. Waite]] -- ''[[Trial and Air]]''
 
* [[Michael W. Waite]] -- ''[[Trial and Air]]''
* [[Keith Walker]] --
+
* [[Keith Walker]] -- ''[[Something for F.A.P.A.]]''
 
* [[Norman G. Wansborough]] -- ''[[Rune]]'', ''[[The Happy Traveller]]'', ''[[Terra Welcomes You]]''
 
* [[Norman G. Wansborough]] -- ''[[Rune]]'', ''[[The Happy Traveller]]'', ''[[Terra Welcomes You]]''
 
* [[Harry Warner]] -- ''[[Horizons]]'', ''[[Fanzine Service for Fans in Service]]''
 
* [[Harry Warner]] -- ''[[Horizons]]'', ''[[Fanzine Service for Fans in Service]]''
 
* [[Raym Washington]] -- ''[[Take-Off!]]'', ''[[The Science Fiction Savant]]''
 
* [[Raym Washington]] -- ''[[Take-Off!]]'', ''[[The Science Fiction Savant]]''
 
* [[Bill Watson]] -- ''[[Willie Acquires an Italian Hand]]'', ''[[Tag-Line Musings?]]''
 
* [[Bill Watson]] -- ''[[Willie Acquires an Italian Hand]]'', ''[[Tag-Line Musings?]]''
* [[Taral Wayne]] -- ''[[Red Shift]]'', ''[[The Word for World is Twiltone]]''
+
* [[Taral Wayne]] -- ''[[Red Shift]]'', ''[[The Word for World is Twiltone]]'', ''[[Twiltone (Taral)]]''
* [[Charles Wells]] -- ''[[The Quatt Wunkery]]''
+
* [[Charles Wells]] -- ''[[The Quatt Wunkery]]'', ''[[Trill.]]''
* [[Helen Wesson]] -- ''[[Helen's Fantasia]]''
+
* [[Roger Wells]]
* [[Ted White]] -- ''[[Null-F]]'', ''[[Zip]]''
+
* [[Helen Wesson]] -- ''[[Helen's Fantasia]]'', ''[[Pendragon]]'', ''[[The (Unspeakable) Thing]]''
 +
* [[Ulf Westblom]] -- ''[[On the Road to Gafia Wonderland]]''
 +
* [[Ted White]] -- ''[[Null-F]]'', ''[[Zip]]'', ''[[A Fanzine for Krazy Kat]]''
 +
* [[Eva Whitley]] -- ''[[Extra-Vehicular Fanac]]''
 
* [[Russ Whitman]] -- ''[[Janus (Spencer)]]''
 
* [[Russ Whitman]] -- ''[[Janus (Spencer)]]''
 
* [[Art Widner]] -- ''[[YHOS]]''
 
* [[Art Widner]] -- ''[[YHOS]]''
 
* [[Walt Willis]] -- ''[[WAWCRHBSJWCATWCMWPMSSACW]]'', ''[[Willis Discovers America]]'', ''[[Pamphrey]]''
 
* [[Walt Willis]] -- ''[[WAWCRHBSJWCATWCMWPMSSACW]]'', ''[[Willis Discovers America]]'', ''[[Pamphrey]]''
* [[Frank Wilimczyk]] -- ''[[Paradox]]''
+
* [[Frank Wilimczyk]] -- ''[[Paradox (Wilimczyk)]]''
 
* [[Art Wilson]] -- ''[[Scatalog]]''
 
* [[Art Wilson]] -- ''[[Scatalog]]''
 
* [[Ben Wilson]] --''[[Highball]]''
 
* [[Ben Wilson]] --''[[Highball]]''
Line 299: Line 447:
 
* [[Don Wollheim]] -- ''[[The Phantagraph]]'', ''[[The New Hieroglyph]]'', ''[[The Futurian Review]]'', ''[[FAPA Fan]]'', ''[[Ray]]''
 
* [[Don Wollheim]] -- ''[[The Phantagraph]]'', ''[[The New Hieroglyph]]'', ''[[The Futurian Review]]'', ''[[FAPA Fan]]'', ''[[Ray]]''
 
* [[Stan Woolston]] -- ''[[Moonshine]]''
 
* [[Stan Woolston]] -- ''[[Moonshine]]''
* [[Dave Wood]] --
+
* [[Dave Wood]]
* [[Rus Wood]] & [[Pogo Wood]] -- ''[[Pogorus]]''
+
* [[Rus Wood]] and [[Pogo Wood]] -- ''[[Pogorus]]''
 +
* [[Bill Wright]] -- ''[[Earthquake!]]''
 
* [[Roscoe E. Wright]] -- ''[[Beyond (Stanley)]]'', ''[[A Autumn Fantasy from Rosco]]'', ''[[Viewpoints]]''
 
* [[Roscoe E. Wright]] -- ''[[Beyond (Stanley)]]'', ''[[A Autumn Fantasy from Rosco]]'', ''[[Viewpoints]]''
* [[Paul Wyszkowski]] -- ''[[The Blind Starling]]'', ''[[Transmission]]'', ''[[Blah]]''
+
* [[Paul Wyszkowski]] -- ''[[The Blind Starling]]'', ''[[Transmission]]'', ''[[Blah]]'', ''[[The Girls I Remember]]''
 
* [[Laurie Yates]] -- ''[[Don't Make Me Laugh]]'', ''[[Catachresis]]''
 
* [[Laurie Yates]] -- ''[[Don't Make Me Laugh]]'', ''[[Catachresis]]''
* [[C. S. Youd]] == ''[[Fantast's Folly]]''
+
* [[C. S. Youd]] -- ''[[Fantast's Folly]]''
 
* [[Jean Young]] -- ''[[Garage Floor]]'', ''[[Lost in the Stars]]''
 
* [[Jean Young]] -- ''[[Garage Floor]]'', ''[[Lost in the Stars]]''
 
* [[Dan Zissman]] -- ''[[Science*Fiction]]''
 
* [[Dan Zissman]] -- ''[[Science*Fiction]]''
* Unknown -- ''[[Fantasy Faction Field]]''
 
  
=== FAPA Officers===
+
=== FAPA Issues and Officers===
Terms begin in the summer with the vote before the September mailing.
+
See [[FAPA Issues and Officers]] for a full list.
<tab head=top>
 
Term (starting in late...) || President || VP || Secretary-Treasurer || [[OE]]
 
1937 || ||[[Dan McPhail]] || ||[[Walter E. Marconette]]
 
1938 ||[[John Michel]] ||[[Robert Lowndes]] ||[[James Taurasi]] ||[[Don Wollheim]]
 
1938 (after resignations) ||[[Olon F. Wiggins]] ||[[Walter E. Marconette]] ||[[James Taurasi]] ||[[Milton Rothman]]
 
1942 ||[[Jack Speer]] ||[[Elmer Perdue]] ||[[L. R. Chauvenet]] ||[[Al Ashley]]
 
1943 ||[[Al Ashley]] ||[[L. R. Chauvenet]] ||[[Norman F. Stanley]] ||[[R. D. Swisher]]
 
1947 || || || ||[[Elmer Perdue]]
 
1950 ||[[F. T. Laney]] || || ||
 
1951 ||[[Marion Bradley]] and [[Art Rapp]] || || ||
 
1956 ||[[Vernon McCain]] ||[[Bill Evans]] ||[[Bob Pavlat]] ||[[Dick Eney]]
 
1957 ||[[Ted White]] ||[[Bob Pavlat]] ||[[Bill Evans]] ||[[Dick Eney]]
 
1958 ||[[Bob Pavlat]] || ||[[Bill Evans]] ||[[Ted White]]
 
1963 || || || ||[[Bruce Pelz]]
 
1964 || || ||[[Bob Pavlat]] ||[[Bruce Pelz]]
 
1965 ||[[Lee Jacobs]] ||[[Rick Sneary]] ||[[Bob Pavlat]] ||[[Bruce Pelz]]
 
1966 ||[[Charles Hansen]] ||[[Lee Jacobs]] ||[[Bill Evans]] ||[[Bruce Pelz]]
 
~1977 ||[[Bruce Arthurs]] || || ||
 
1978 ||[[Bob Pavlat]] and [[Peggy Rae Pavlat]] ||[[Mike Glyer]] ||[[Jack Speer]] ||[[Harry Andruschak]]
 
1979 ||[[Ed Cox]] ||[[Lester Boutillier]] ||[[Bob Pavlat]] and [[Peggy Rae Pavlat]] ||[[Bruce Pelz]]
 
1980 ||[[Mike Glyer]] ||[[Ed Cox]] ||[[Bob Pavlat]] and [[Peggy Rae Pavlat]] ||[[Bruce Pelz]]
 
1981 ||[[Gregg Calkins]] ||[[Seth Goldberg]] ||[[Bob Pavlat]] and [[Peggy Rae Pavlat]] ||[[Ed Cox]]
 
1986 || || ||[[Robert Lichtman]] (thru present) ||
 
early 2000s || || || || [[Ken Forman]]
 
2007 ||[[Robert Silverberg]] || ||[[Robert Lichtman]] ||
 
2009 ||(office eliminated) ||(office eliminated) ||[[Robert Lichtman]] ||
 
2018 || || ||[[Robert Lichtman]] ||[[Steven Ogden]] & [[Vicki Ogden]]
 
2020 || || || || [[Ken Forman]]
 
</tab>
 
  
  
 
{{publication | start=1937}}
 
{{publication | start=1937}}
[[Category:notable]]  
+
[[Category:notable]]
 
[[Category:APA]]
 
[[Category:APA]]
 
[[Category:Fancy1]]
 
[[Category:Fancy1]]

Latest revision as of 06:54, 9 March 2024

FAPAlogo.jpeg

FAPA ("FAP-uh"), the Fantasy Amateur Press Association, the oldest fan apa in the world, distributing members’ fanzines for nearly a century. It was founded in 1937 and is still going. It has been nicknamed, infamously, Where Old Fans Go to Die and The Elephants' Graveyard for most of its existence. However, in the 2020s, it has become a growing organization.

Members are usually called Fapans, but terms such as FAPAte have been tried. Fanzines distributed through FAPA are FAPAzines.

From Fancyclopedia 2, ca. 1959
Fapans Fapate, Fapans, Faps. All names designating members of FAPA. The second is that endorsed by usage (prob'ly by analogy with "fans") but really the first is correct; FAPA is an association, so its members are associates.
From Fancyclopedia 1, ca. 1944
FAPAzine A fanzine published thru the FAPA; sometimes a synonym for individ fanzine. The name was used as the official title of a thing by Perdue.


Mechanics[edit]

Like other apae, FAPA is primarily an agency for distributing to its members print publications, produced by its members in a variety of formats, at their own expense. Members are required to produce at least 8 pages of minac a year. Mailings are quarterly.

Joining[edit]

According to FAPA's by-laws, to qualify for membership, a prospective member must have done one or more of the following within a year of applying:

  • produced and distributed at least one issue of a fanzine;
  • contributed material (written or artistic) to two fanzines not produced in the same metropolitan area;
  • and/or posted contributions in two different electronic forums.

However, in practice, FAPA had no (or virtually no) new members throughout the 2010s and seemed destined for extinction. As an expedient, when prospective new members suddenly starting showing up in volume in 2022, the primary way they were added was by sponsorship or "franking" by an existing member.

Thus, as of 2023, the way one becomes a member of FAPA is less formal than it has been in the past. To wit:

  • Send a check for $10; and,
  • 20 copies of your zine to the OE:
    Ken Forman
    2234 Marion County 7055
    Flippin, AR 72634

If your zine is accepted (no one has been rejected yet), you're a member so long as you maintain your 8-page minac requirement and the annual check to cover mailing costs. These costs may increase as more members join.

For more information, Ken can also be reached at kforman@att.net.

Officers[edit]

There are annual elections (August) of a secretary-treasurer and Official Editor, limited to two consecutive one-year terms. Other officials have included president, vice-president, Official Critics, a Laureate Committee, and ballot counters. The latter two positions were abandoned by the mid '40s, and the former two in 2009, but a teller for the annual officer elections continues to be appointed by the Secretary-Treasurer.

History[edit]

From Fancyclopedia 2, ca. 1959
Fandom's Oldest Organization -- Established 1937 (Or, more usually, approximations and parodies of this) refers to FAPA, which was and is the oldest Fandom-wide organization. There are other clubs like the LASFS and PSFS which are older but are locals.

1930s[edit]

The Fantasy Amateur Press Association was founded in 1937 by Don Wollheim and John Michel. They were inspired to create FAPA by their memberships in some of the non-fan amateur press associations (“ajays”), which they learned of from H. P. Lovecraft. FAPA's original constitutional limit was 50 members to accommodate publishers using hektographs. There were 21 members listed on the roster of the first mailing in August 1937; it took until the November 1938 mailing to fill the 50-member roster. The membership limit was raised to 65 in 1944 and has remained at that level ever since.

The early years of FAPA were stormy with party politics and sociological feuds (for details, see Jack Speer's pioneering fan history, Up to Now), and its third year, 1939-40, was marked by the Interregnum. Thereafter the prophets of Third Fandom came into control.

FAPA Campaign[edit]

The 1938 elections for the officers of the newly-created FAPA were seen at the time as a battle for the future of fandom between the Don WollheimJohn Michel axis and the non-political fans.

Wollheim was at the peak of his influence in fandom -- basically, he dominated it -- and arranged to continue control over FAPA by running a slate of officers and by sending out his slate’s attacks on the opposition along with the ballots. His slate won because, in those days of much slower communication, most of the FAPA membership had no idea what was going on. Once fans did realize how Wollheim had played them, sentiment turned against his group and it resigned.

While Wollheim and company continued to be very influential, they never again dominated fandom.

Jack Speer, while very much a player in these events, produced the first fanhistory, Up To Now, in 1939 and described the process in detail. For a full and fairly well-balanced account, see the chapters:

From Fancyclopedia 1, ca. 1944
Pronounced variously [efeipiei], [faepe], and [fapa]. The Fantasy Amateur Press Association, constituted in 1937 by Wollheim, and Michel. Others soon joined, up to its constitutional limit of 50 (changed to 65 in 1943). The FAPA's first year was stormy with party politics and sociological feuds, and its third year, 1939-40, was marked by the Interregnum. Thereafter the profets of the Third Fandom came into control, and it prospered to become the longest-lived successful fan organization.

It is primarily an agency for distributing to its members publications put out by its members at their own expense. This it does by mailings every three months. Members are required to be active in some way, writing or publishing. There are annual elections in June of a president, vice president, secretary-treasure, and Official Editor (he also does the mailing), who cannot held the same post again for five years. Other officials are the official critics, laureate committee, and ballot counters. Red tape is at a minimum.

1940s[edit]

Order of Dagon[edit]

(Did you mean the Esoteric Order of Dagon?)

From Fancyclopedia 2, ca. 1959
Order of Dagon In 1944 FAPA had become somewhat cumbered with deadwood and official resistance to change frustrated attempts to get the latter out by tightening activity requirements, etc. By December 1944 the Battle Creek-Bloomington-Los Angeles Axis had plans for an anschluss in FAPA well in hand. The Futurians were to be quashed by a nebulous group, the Freedom Party, standing for strengthened activity requirements and some miscellaneous projects which came to nothing. It was to be backed up by a secret self-perpetuating group known as the Order of Dagon; this started with the three plotters mentioned above (Ashley, Tucker, and Laney) and included such folk as Liebscher, Wiedenbeck, Saari, Spencer, Rothman, Croutch, Perdue, and Ackerman. The Order was to implement the Freedom Party program by bloc voting and by presenting all FP candidates for office, and successfully swung its first election. But the anti-Futurian aspect of the move was frustrated by the Little Interregnum, when the Futurians abdicated their leadership and withdrew into VAPA.

1944 also saw a special election about racism, spurred by obnoxious opinions of Jack Speer.

At the beginning of 1945, withdrawal of the Futurians, some of whom were officers, precipitated a Little Interregnum and during the next two years a series of officers who failed to properly function plagued the group (see Blitzkrieg).

In 1947, Speer reformed the Constitution, and the Insurgents quashed the last inactive OE, Elmer Perdue. Since then official troubles have mostly not disturbed FAPA, and red tape has been held to a minimum. The Constitution was again revised in 1958 (also by Speer) to incorporate amendments, bylaws, and practices adopted since 1947.

Where Old Fans Go to Die[edit]

From Fancyclopedia 2, ca. 1959
(Sneary:Laney) or any parody of this slogan has reference to FAPA, on account of the tenacity with which members clung to the roster toward the end of World War II. ("FAPA members never quit and rarely died.") Laney, struck by Sneary's coinage, stuck this phrase on the masthead of the FA during his OEship (1948). On gaining office, Sneary as VP banned usage of the phrase there or in any FAPAzine. "Why, I wonder?" wonders Burbee. "I suppose he decided that it wasn't as funny or as significant as we claimed."
From Fancyclopedia 2 Supplement, ca. 1960
Sneary's term did not refer to the "tenacity with which members clung to the roster" -- in Winter 47-8 there was no waiting list at all. What he meant was that actifans who had produced important subzine work were withdrawing from this activity to spend their declining years (fannishly speaking) in FAPA. And "I wasn't VP [when I banned the phrase from FAPA appearance]" recollects Sneary, "but Prexy. I made many foolish rulings, like no one being allowed to read a FAPAzine before the mailing -- including its editor -- and appointing myself, at the end of my term, as FAPA's ex-vice-president for a term of 9 years, to run concurrent with Perdue (who was the ex-President for 10 years)."

1950s–70s[edit]

During the '50s and '60s FAPA was so popular and membership so sought after that the waiting list grew to monumental proportions, for a period of time exceeding the number of membership slots on the FAPA roster. A waiting list fee was instituted to cover the cost of sending the Fantasy Amateur to so many fans awaiting membership, and a requirement that wait list periodically acknowledge receipt of the Fantasy Amateur was begun in order to weed out those who lost interest during the long wait. Bill Danner started the FATE Tape (the Fantasy Amateur Tape Exchange) for FAPA members in 1955.

The '60s also saw more FAPA fan politics: As recounted in Ratatosk #6 and #7, ten or so members of FAPA blackballed the entire waitlist, apparently to protest the blackballing provision in the FAPA constitution, thus eliminating the entire waitlist. The Secretary-Treasurer of FAPA duly cleared the waitlist and then immediately invoked a precedent from the 1940s when FAPA was short of members, and selected a group of fans to be on a new waitlist. By coincidence, the new waitlist looked a very great deal like the old one.... In a similar vein, Rick Sneary proposed an amendment to the FAPA constitution that no member of The Cult (another apa) be allowed to be FAPA members. Someone arranged for all FAPA members who were not members of The Cult to be granted Honorary Membership in it -- and Dick Eney ran a large Fantasy Rotator, Avanc 8 through FAPA -- so that if the Sneary amendment passed, everyone would be thrown out of FAPA. (It failed 24 to 6.)

1980s–2010s[edit]

Decline and Fall[edit]

With the growth of the Internet, paper-based fanac began to decline generally, and most apas faltered in competition with online forums.

FAPA had long been known as the last stomping grounds of geriatric fandom, and at this point, the waiting list became much smaller, and in the mid-'90s had disappeared altogether. The number of members had also shrunk as existing members died or otherwise dropped off the roster. As of May 2016, there were 23 active participants; by May 2017, there were just 19.

A major revision of the FAPA Constitution occurred in 2001 under the oversight of Robert Lichtman (Secretary-Treasurer 1986–2022), clarifying and conforming constitutional requirements with actual practice.

2020s[edit]

Renaissance[edit]

At the beginning of 2022, the nadir of FAPA, there were only 13 members.

In 2021, Erica Frank, a fanwriter and member of the Hugo-nominated fanzine Galactic Journey, made the intensive effort to determine whether the legendary FAPA still existed and, if so, how to join. It wasn't easy. Eventually, she got a hold of member Roger Wells, who put her in contact with Ken Forman.

Erica joined in the second mailing of 2022 (May). This sparked an inflow of people, all tracing back to her. Since Erica, a new member has joined every quarter, and the rolls now total 19 (one longtime member, Robert Lichtman, died in 2022, and is being kept on the rolls as a posthumous honor).

Thus, FAPA is undergoing a comparatively explosive revival while maintaining the timbre and tradition of the original organization. It is hoped that FAPA can reach its 65-member cap (and explore what to do then!) in time for its hundredth anniversary.

From Fancyclopedia 2, ca. 1959
("FAP-uh") The Fantasy Amateur Press Association, constituted in 1937 by Wollheim and Michel. Others soon joined, up to its constitutional limit of 50 (raised to 65 in 1943). The first year of FAPA was stormy with party politics and sociological feuds, and its third year, 1939-40, was marked by the Interregnum. Thereafter the prophets of Third Fandom came into control. At the beginning of 1945 withdrawal of the Futurians, some of whom were officers, precipitated a Little Interregnum and during the next two years a series of officers who refused to function plagued the group (see blitzkrieg). In 1947 Speer reformed the Constitution, and the Insurgents quashed the last inactive OE, Perdue. Since then official troubles have not disturbed FAPA, and red tape has been held to a minimum. The Constitution was again revised in 1958 (also by Speer) to incorporate amendments, bylaws, and practices adopted since 1947.

FAPA is primarily an agency for distributing to its members publications put out by its members at their own expense. This it does by mailings every three months. Members are required to be active in some way -- writing or publishing -- and produce at least 8 pages of activity a year. There are annual elections (August) of a president, vice-president, secretary-treasurer and Official Editor; the two former cannot hold the same post again for five years. Other officials have included Official Critics, a Laureate Committee, and ballot counters.

FAPA was the stronghold of the Brain Trust during Third Fandom, and has always been the most influential general fan organization; in fact, such APAs are the only general fan organizations that are really active.

Members of FAPA and their FAPAzines included:[edit]

FAPA Issues and Officers[edit]

See FAPA Issues and Officers for a full list.



Publication 1937
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